Kienlen K K, Birmingham D L, Solberg K B, O'Regan J T, Meloy J R
Western Missouri Mental Health Center, Kansas City, USA.
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1997;25(3):317-34.
A comparative analysis of psychotic versus nonpsychotic stalking is presented. Archival files of 25 forensic subjects whose alleged criminal offenses met a legal definition of stalking behavior were studied for demographic characteristics, stalking dynamics, psychosocial history, and current psychological variables. Although nearly one-third of all subjects had an Axis I psychotic disorder and were delusional, only one of these subjects had erotomanic delusions. The psychotic subjects' pursuit of victims was associated with other delusions and symptoms of psychosis. Nonpsychotic subjects tended to exhibit an Axis I disorder (usually major depression, adjustment disorder, or substance dependence) as well as a variety of Axis II personality disorders. The nonpsychotic subjects' pursuit of victims was influenced by various psychological factors, including anger and hostility, projection of blame, obsession, dependency, minimization and denial, and jealousy. Psychotic subjects visited the victims' homes significantly more often than nonpsychotic subjects. Nonpsychotic subjects made more verbal threats and "acted out" violently more often than psychotic subjects. While all subjects exhibited some similarities in stalking behaviors and demographic variables, including childhood attachment disruptions, no single profile of a "stalker" emerged. These findings provide information about factors contributing to stalking violence, as well as diagnostic issues that should be considered in the assessment and treatment of this criminal population.
本文对精神病性与非精神病性跟踪行为进行了比较分析。研究了25名法医鉴定对象的档案，这些对象被指控的刑事犯罪符合跟踪行为的法律定义，分析内容包括人口统计学特征、跟踪动态、社会心理病史和当前心理变量。虽然所有对象中近三分之一患有轴I精神病性障碍且存在妄想，但其中只有一名对象患有钟情妄想。患有精神病的对象对受害者的追踪与其他妄想及精神病症状有关。非精神病性对象往往表现出轴I障碍（通常是重度抑郁、适应障碍或物质依赖）以及多种轴II人格障碍。非精神病性对象对受害者的追踪受到多种心理因素的影响，包括愤怒与敌意、指责投射、痴迷、依赖、轻视与否认以及嫉妒。患有精神病的对象比非精神病性对象更频繁地前往受害者家中。非精神病性对象比患有精神病的对象更常进行言语威胁且更频繁地“付诸暴力行为”。虽然所有对象在跟踪行为和人口统计学变量方面都表现出一些相似之处，包括童年依恋关系破裂，但并未出现“跟踪者”的单一特征。这些发现提供了有关导致跟踪暴力的因素的信息，以及在评估和治疗这一犯罪人群时应考虑的诊断问题。
