Morris A J, Frohman M A, Engebrecht J
Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook Health Sciences Center, New York 11794-8651, USA.
Anal Biochem. 1997 Oct 1;252(1):1-9. doi: 10.1006/abio.1997.2299.
Phosphodiesteric cleavage of phosphatidylcholine by members of a growing family of phospholipases D produces choline and phosphatidic acid. These enzymes can also catalyse a transphosphatidylation reaction in which the aliphatic chain of a primary alcohol is transferred to the phosphatidyl moiety of the phosphatidic acid product. PLD enzymes are found in a variety of organisms including bacteria, yeast, plants, and vertebrates. In mammalian systems, biochemical and cell biological approaches have identified phosphatidic acid as a mediator (or progenitor of mediators) that play important roles in the transduction of extracellular signals. Phosphatidic acid or its metabolites may be regulators of key cellular processes such as the control of intracellular protein trafficking, secretion, and alterations in cell morphology and motility. This review discusses methods for the determination of PLD activity both in vitro and in intact cells.
磷脂酶D家族不断壮大，其成员可通过磷酸二酯键裂解磷脂酰胆碱，生成胆碱和磷脂酸。这些酶还能催化转磷脂酰基反应，即伯醇的脂肪链转移至磷脂酸产物的磷脂酰部分。磷脂酶D存在于多种生物体中，包括细菌、酵母、植物和脊椎动物。在哺乳动物系统中，生物化学和细胞生物学方法已确定磷脂酸是细胞外信号转导中发挥重要作用的介质（或介质前体）。磷脂酸或其代谢产物可能是关键细胞过程的调节剂，如细胞内蛋白质运输、分泌的控制以及细胞形态和运动的改变。本文综述了体外和完整细胞中磷脂酶D活性的测定方法。
