Gershkoff-Stowe L, Smith L B
Indiana University, USA.
Cogn Psychol. 1997 Oct;34(1):37-71. doi: 10.1006/cogp.1997.0664.
This research examines changes in word retrieval and naming during a developmental period in which there is a substantial increase in productive vocabulary. That increase generally occurs when children have between 50 to 150 words in productive vocabulary. We examined children's naming errors in two studies for what these errors could tell us about the emerging lexicon. The method we used for eliciting spontaneous naming was picture book reading by the parent. In Experiment 1, 12 children were followed longitudinally at three-week intervals from 15 to 22 months. Parent diaries were used as a measure of vocabulary growth. Experiment 2 used a cross-sectional design to compare the naming errors of 60 children assigned to one of three vocabulary ranges. Measures of vocabulary size were based on the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory. In both experiments we found a sharp increase in naming errors in the picture book task that was coincident with sudden changes in productive vocabulary. These naming errors were often perseverative in nature and appear to reflect interference in the retrieval process from previously retrieved words. The results suggest that these errors in naming are a consequence of changes in lexical processing that occur with rapid growth of productive vocabulary and concurrent increased rates of speaking.
本研究考察了在产出性词汇量大幅增加的发育阶段中单词检索和命名的变化。这种增加通常发生在儿童产出性词汇量在50至150个单词之间时。我们在两项研究中考察了儿童的命名错误，以了解这些错误能告诉我们关于新兴词汇的哪些信息。我们用于引发自发命名的方法是让家长阅读图画书。在实验1中，12名儿童从15个月到22个月每隔三周进行一次纵向跟踪。家长日记被用作词汇增长的一种衡量方式。实验2采用横断面设计，比较了被分配到三个词汇范围之一的60名儿童的命名错误。词汇量的测量基于《麦克阿瑟交流发展量表》。在两项实验中，我们都发现图画书任务中的命名错误急剧增加，这与产出性词汇的突然变化同时发生。这些命名错误在本质上往往具有持续性，似乎反映了检索过程中来自先前检索单词的干扰。结果表明，这些命名错误是词汇加工变化的结果，这种变化随着产出性词汇的快速增长和同时增加的说话速度而发生。
