Bombick D W, Bombick B R, Ayres P H, Putnam K, Avalos J, Borgerding M F, Doolittle D J
Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Division, R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27102, USA.
Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Sep;39(1):11-7. doi: 10.1006/faat.1997.2334.
A novel carbon filter has been developed which primarily reduces the amount of certain vapor phase constituents of tobacco smoke with greater efficiency than the charcoal filters of cigarettes currently in the market. In vitro indicators of genotoxic and cytotoxic potential were used to compare the cigarette smoke condensate (particulate phase) or whole cigarette smoke (vapor phase and particulate phase) from cigarettes containing the novel carbon filter with smoke condensate or whole smoke from commercial or prototype cigarettes not containing the novel carbon filter. Ames bacterial mutagenicity, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and neutral red cytotoxicity assays in CHO cells were utilized to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the cigarette smoke condensates. SCE and neutral red cytotoxicity assays were utilized to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the whole smoke. As expected, the novel carbon filter did not significantly affect the genotoxic or cytotoxic activity of the smoke condensate, although we did observe that the use of low-nitrogen tobacco reduced the mutagenicity of the condensate in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. However, the whole smoke from cigarettes containing the novel carbon filter demonstrated significant reductions in genotoxic and cytotoxic potential compared to cigarettes without the novel carbon filter. The toxicity of the smoke was correlated (r = 0.7662 for cytotoxicity and r = 0.7562 for SCE induction) to the aggregate mass of several vapor phase components (acetone, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, ammonia, NOx, HCN, benzene, isoprene, and formaldehyde) in the smoke of the cigarettes utilized in this study. In conclusion, this novel carbon filter, which significantly reduced the amount of carbonyls and other volatiles in mainstream cigarette smoke, resulted in significant reductions in the genotoxic and cytotoxic activity of the smoke as measured by these assays.
一种新型碳滤嘴已被研发出来，它能比目前市场上香烟的木炭滤嘴更有效地减少烟草烟雾中某些气相成分的含量。使用遗传毒性和细胞毒性潜力的体外指标，将含有新型碳滤嘴香烟的香烟烟雾冷凝物（颗粒相）或全香烟烟雾（气相和颗粒相）与不含新型碳滤嘴的商业或原型香烟的烟雾冷凝物或全烟雾进行比较。利用埃姆斯细菌诱变性试验、中国仓鼠卵巢（CHO）细胞中的姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）试验以及CHO细胞中的中性红细胞毒性试验来评估香烟烟雾冷凝物的遗传毒性和细胞毒性潜力。利用SCE和中性红细胞毒性试验来评估全烟雾的遗传毒性和细胞毒性潜力。正如预期的那样，新型碳滤嘴对烟雾冷凝物的遗传毒性或细胞毒性活性没有显著影响，尽管我们确实观察到使用低氮烟草可降低鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98菌株中冷凝物的诱变性。然而，与不含新型碳滤嘴的香烟相比，含有新型碳滤嘴香烟的全烟雾在遗传毒性和细胞毒性潜力方面有显著降低。烟雾的毒性与本研究中使用的香烟烟雾中几种气相成分（丙酮、乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈、1,3 - 丁二烯、氨、氮氧化物、氰化氢、苯、异戊二烯和甲醛）的总质量相关（细胞毒性的r = 0.7662，SCE诱导的r = 0.7562）。总之，这种新型碳滤嘴显著减少了主流香烟烟雾中的羰基化合物和其他挥发性物质的含量，通过这些试验测量，导致烟雾的遗传毒性和细胞毒性活性显著降低。
