Ross J A, Pham S B
Futures Group International, Glastonbury, Connecticut 06057, USA.
Soc Biol. 1997 Spring-Summer;44(1-2):111-23. doi: 10.1080/19485565.1997.9988938.
The Vietnam 1988 survey established the first national estimates for reproductive preferences and behavior. It created a unique baseline for levels and differentials, both for the marked differences between North and South, and for various social and demographic categories. It also provided the first national data for program guidance, including information on unmet need. Unmet need for contraception has been extensively documented for much of the developing world, but its structure is not yet well understood. This study differentiates unmet-need couples by several demographic characteristics, by time since the last birth, and by features identified through a computer search program. Past investigations have emphasized the per cent with unmet need within various population subgroups, but some of those subgroups are small, whereas the national family planning program must be oriented to subgroups with large absolute numbers of unmet need couples. Unmet-need couples are selective, whether by reference to the married population or by reference to other couples who also wish to avoid pregnancy but are using a method. Most unmet-need couples are younger than users, have fewer children and, especially, are closer to their last birth. Surprisingly, most have never used a contraceptive method before, even though Vietnam has had a vigorous family planning program and 49 per cent of all couples in the survey reported some experience with a modern contraceptive method. In terms of sheer numbers, those in need are distributed very widely throughout the country. The most disadvantaged segments of the population have both high percentages and large numbers in need, but the concentration of the national program upon a single contraceptive method restricts their options.
1988年越南的调查得出了关于生育偏好和行为的首批全国性估计数据。它为生育水平及差异建立了一个独特的基线，这既体现在南北之间的显著差异上，也体现在不同社会和人口类别方面。它还提供了用于项目指导的首批全国性数据，包括关于未满足需求的信息。在世界上许多发展中地区，避孕的未满足需求已有大量记录，但对其结构还没有很好的了解。本研究根据几个人口统计学特征、自上次生育以来的时间以及通过计算机搜索程序确定的特征，对有未满足需求的夫妇进行了区分。过去的调查强调了不同人口亚组中有未满足需求的比例，但其中一些亚组规模较小，而国家计划生育项目必须面向有大量未满足需求夫妇的亚组。有未满足需求的夫妇是有选择性的，无论是相对于已婚人口而言，还是相对于其他也希望避免怀孕但正在使用某种方法的夫妇而言。大多数有未满足需求的夫妇比使用避孕方法的夫妇年轻，子女较少，尤其是距离上次生育更近。令人惊讶的是，尽管越南有积极的计划生育项目，且调查中49%的夫妇报告有过某种现代避孕方法的使用经历，但大多数有未满足需求的夫妇此前从未使用过避孕方法。就绝对数量而言，有需求的夫妇在全国分布非常广泛。最弱势群体中有未满足需求的比例高且数量大，但国家项目集中于单一避孕方法限制了他们的选择。
