Tyler R S, Fryauf-Bertschy H, Kelsay D M, Gantz B J, Woodworth G P, Parkinson A
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997 Sep;117(3 Pt 1):180-7. doi: 10.1016/s0194-5998(97)70172-4.
In this investigation we measured the performance of 50 prelingually deaf children on several speech perception tests. Children were from 2 to 15 years of age, and some children were tested with as much as 5 years of cochlear implant use. Speech perception tests included the recognition of stress pattern, consonants, vowels, words, and sentences. The audiovisual perception of consonants was also measured. Average results indicated that gains were being made in the perception of stress and words in a closed-set context within 1 year from implantation. The perception of words in an open-set context demonstrated much slower increases over time. Large individual differences were observed. Some preliminary data suggest that children who receive implants before the age of 4 years obtain higher scores, on average, than children who receive implants after the age of 5 years. Some children become part-time users or nonusers of their cochlear implants. The average results from 18 congenitally deaf children were significantly higher than the average results from 12 children with prelingually acquired deafness after 3 years of implant use. Information on vowel and consonant features shows increases in performance after 2 years of cochlear implant use, with the exception of the place feature. For this feature, no changes were observed. Vision-alone testing indicated that lipreading performance increased over time. An audiovisual enhancement provided by the cochlear implant was observed for all features.
在这项研究中，我们对50名语前聋儿童进行了多项言语感知测试。儿童年龄在2至15岁之间，部分儿童接受测试时已使用人工耳蜗长达5年。言语感知测试包括重音模式、辅音、元音、单词和句子的识别。还测量了辅音的视听感知。平均结果表明，植入后1年内，在封闭语境中重音和单词的感知能力有所提高。随着时间的推移，开放语境中单词的感知能力增长要慢得多。观察到个体差异很大。一些初步数据表明，4岁前接受植入的儿童平均得分高于5岁后接受植入的儿童。一些儿童成为人工耳蜗的兼职使用者或不再使用。18名先天性聋儿使用人工耳蜗3年后的平均结果显著高于12名语前获得性聋儿的平均结果。关于元音和辅音特征的信息显示，使用人工耳蜗2年后，除部位特征外，其他特征的表现均有所提高。对于该特征，未观察到变化。仅视觉测试表明，唇读能力随时间提高。人工耳蜗对所有特征都有视听增强作用。
