Moote MA, Mcclaran MP, Chickering DK
School of Renewable Natural Resources University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
Environ Manage. 1997 Nov;21(6):877-89. doi: 10.1007/s002679900074.
/ Application of participatory democracy theory to public participation in public land planning, while widely advocated, has not been closely examined. A case study is used here to explicate the application of participatory democracy concepts to public participation in public land planning and decision making. In this case, a Bureau of Land Management resource area manager decided to make a significant shift from the traditional public involvement process to a more participatory method-coordinated resource management (CRM). This case was assessed using document analysis, direct observation of CRM meetings, questionnaires, and interviews of key participants. These sources were used to examine the CRM case using participatory democracy concepts of efficacy, access and representation, continuous participation throughout planning, information exchange and learning, and decision-making authority. The case study suggests that social deliberation in itself does not ensure successful collaboration and that establishing rules of operation and decision making within the group is critical. Furthermore, conflicts between the concept of shared decision-making authority and the public land management agencies' accountability to Congress, the President, and the courts need further consideration.KEY WORDS: Case study; Coordinated resource management; Public participation; Administrative discretion; Representation; Consensus; Collaboration
/ 参与式民主理论在公共土地规划公众参与中的应用虽广受倡导，但尚未得到深入研究。本文通过一个案例研究来阐释参与式民主概念在公共土地规划公众参与及决策中的应用。在此案例中，一位土地管理局资源区经理决定从传统的公众参与过程大幅转向一种更具参与性的方法——协调资源管理（CRM）。本案例通过文件分析、直接观察CRM会议、问卷调查以及对关键参与者的访谈进行评估。这些资料被用于运用参与式民主的效能、参与机会与代表性、规划全程的持续参与、信息交流与学习以及决策权威等概念来审视CRM案例。该案例研究表明，社会协商本身并不能确保成功协作，在群体内部建立操作规则和决策规则至关重要。此外，共享决策权威概念与公共土地管理机构对国会、总统和法院的问责制之间的冲突需要进一步考量。
案例研究；协调资源管理；公众参与；行政自由裁量权；代表性；共识；协作
