Cavert W
University of Minnesota Delaware Street (HIV) Clinic, Minneapolis, USA.
Postgrad Med. 1997 Oct;102(4):125-6, 129-35, 139-40. doi: 10.3810/pgm.1997.10.332.
New highly active antiretroviral therapies are boosting the blood absolute CD4+ counts of many patients with AIDS and are decreasing the prevalence of AIDS-related opportunistic infections. Nevertheless, the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of opportunistic infections remain important features of management of HIV infection. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the prevention and treatment of opportunistic diseases such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Cytomegalovirus retinitis, disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection, and mucosal candidiasis. Tuberculosis, cryptococcal meningitis, herpes simplex virus infection, shingles, and infectious enteritis also continue to be troublesome. Kaposi's sarcoma may be the newest AIDS-related opportunistic infection to be identified. The immune system effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy are as yet poorly understood. Therefore, an aggressive approach to diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic infections remains mandatory, and patients receiving antiretroviral therapy should continue to adhere to recommendations for prophylaxis against such infections.
新型高效抗逆转录病毒疗法正在提高许多艾滋病患者血液中 CD4+ 细胞的绝对计数，并降低与艾滋病相关的机会性感染的发生率。然而，机会性感染的预防、诊断和治疗仍然是艾滋病毒感染管理的重要特征。近年来，在卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎、巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎、播散性鸟分枝杆菌复合群感染和黏膜念珠菌病等机会性疾病的预防和治疗方面取得了重大进展。结核病、隐球菌性脑膜炎、单纯疱疹病毒感染、带状疱疹和感染性肠炎仍然很棘手。卡波西肉瘤可能是最新发现的与艾滋病相关的机会性感染。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法对免疫系统的影响目前还知之甚少。因此，积极诊断和治疗机会性感染仍然是必要的，接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的患者应继续遵循预防此类感染的建议。
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