Weissman M M, Warner V, Wickramaratne P, Moreau D, Olfson M
Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Oct;54(10):932-40. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830220054009.
There have been numerous studies that have shown that offspring of depressed parents are at a high risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and impairment. None have followed up the offspring into adulthood to obtain more precise estimates of risk.
One hundred eighty-two offspring from 91 families, in which 1 or more parents had MDD (high risk) or in which neither parent was depressed (low risk), were blindly reassessed in the third follow-up, using a structured diagnostic instrument 10 years after their initial identification.
Compared with the offspring for whom neither parent was depressed, the offspring of depressed parents had increased rates of MDD, particularly before puberty, and phobias (both at approximately a 3-fold risk), panic disorder, alcohol dependence (at a 5-fold risk), and greater social impairment. The peak age at onset for MDD in both high- and low-risk offspring ranged from 15 to 20 years. The peak age at onset for anxiety disorder was considerably earlier, especially in female offspring in the high-risk group. The onset of alcohol dependence in the offspring in the high-risk group peaked in adolescence and then after the age of 25 years. The depressed offspring of depressed parents, compared with nondepressed parents, had more serious and impairing depressions during the follow-up period but were less likely to go for treatment.
The offspring of depressed parents are a high-risk group for onset of anxiety disorder and MDD in childhood, MDD in adolescence, and alcohol dependence in adolescence and early adulthood. The findings support the potential value of early detection in the offspring of depressed parents.
大量研究表明，父母患有抑郁症的子女患重度抑郁症（MDD）及出现功能障碍的风险很高。但尚无研究对这些子女进行成年期随访以获得更精确的风险估计。
来自91个家庭的182名子女，其中1名或多名父母患有MDD（高风险组）或父母均无抑郁症（低风险组），在首次识别10年后的第三次随访中，使用结构化诊断工具进行盲法重新评估。
与父母均无抑郁症的子女相比，父母患有抑郁症的子女患MDD的比例增加，尤其是在青春期前，患恐惧症的比例（两者风险均约为3倍）、惊恐障碍、酒精依赖（风险为5倍）以及社会功能障碍更严重。高风险组和低风险组子女患MDD的发病高峰年龄在15至20岁之间。焦虑症的发病高峰年龄要早得多，尤其是高风险组的女性子女。高风险组子女酒精依赖的发病高峰在青春期，然后在25岁之后。与父母无抑郁症的子女相比，父母患有抑郁症的子女在随访期间抑郁症更严重且功能受损，但接受治疗的可能性较小。
父母患有抑郁症的子女是儿童期患焦虑症和MDD、青春期患MDD以及青春期和成年早期患酒精依赖的高风险群体。这些发现支持了对父母患有抑郁症的子女进行早期检测的潜在价值。
