Neubert D
Department of Toxicology, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, Free University Berlin, Germany.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Aug;26(1 Pt 1):9-29. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1997.1149.
Natural sex hormones are most important factors guaranteeing the homeostasis of male and female sexual functions, including sexual differentiation and reproduction. Main target tissues include bone and skin, cardiovascular system, and possibly central nervous and immune systems. In medicine, synthetic hormonal substances with agonistic and antagonistic properties have been widely used for decades. Therapeutic benefit is the aim, and the many possibilities to interfere with normal or pathological hormonal situations are rather well understood. Synthetic hormonal agonists or (partial) antagonists may exhibit specific affinities to special receptors resulting in a spectrum of organotropies, or they may even induce opposite actions on different targets. Although not a new issue, environmental substances mimicking potentials of sex hormones have recently gained increased attention. There is not need to reinvent the wheel, since most (adverse) effects may be revealed with today's routine procedures used for testing medicinal substances, but some additional testing strategies should be included. Adverse effects of ecohormones may preferentially affect systems other than the human organism (assuming lower exposure and possibly lower susceptibility). Nevertheless, this survey is confined to possible alterations in the mammalian organism, since such effects are best understood from numerous experimental studies and clinical trials.
天然性激素是保证男性和女性性功能稳态的最重要因素，包括性分化和生殖。主要靶组织包括骨骼、皮肤、心血管系统，以及可能的中枢神经和免疫系统。在医学上，具有激动和拮抗特性的合成激素类物质已经被广泛使用了几十年。治疗益处是目标，并且人们对干扰正常或病理激素状况的多种可能性有相当深入的了解。合成激素激动剂或（部分）拮抗剂可能对特定受体表现出特异性亲和力，从而导致一系列器官趋向性，或者它们甚至可能对不同靶标产生相反的作用。尽管这不是一个新问题，但模拟性激素潜能的环境物质最近受到了越来越多的关注。无需重新发明轮子，因为大多数（不良）效应可以通过当今用于测试药物的常规程序揭示出来，但应该包括一些额外的测试策略。生态激素的不良影响可能优先影响人类机体以外的系统（假设暴露量较低且易感性可能较低）。然而，本综述仅限于哺乳动物机体中可能的变化，因为从大量实验研究和临床试验中可以最好地理解这些影响。
