Abraham P, Saumet J L, Chevalier J M
Laboratoire d'Explorations Vasculaire et de Médecine du Sport, C.H.U. d'Angers, France.
Sports Med. 1997 Oct;24(4):221-6. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199724040-00001.
Atherosclerosis and inflammatory arterial diseases are rare in young people. Since the early 1980s, an increasing incidence of iliac arterial stenosis in competition cyclists has been reported. Histological findings in these individuals are specific, with fibrosis of the intimal wall on histology and no atherosclerotic or inflammatory lesions. Clinical consequences of this arterial endofibrosis are usually described as an exercise-related subjective sensation of swollen thigh in one or both (15%) legs, with normal clinical and Doppler investigations at rest. Following maximal exercise, ankle-to-brachial systolic pressure index is lower than 0.5 in 85% of individuals with disease and is used as a key argument for diagnosis before deciding upon arteriography. Surgery (recalibrated saphenous grafts or angioplasty-endofibrosectomy) seems to be efficient to allow an early return to competition, but its long term results are still to be evaluated. The physiopathology of this disease and its possible relationship with atherosclerosis are unknown.
动脉粥样硬化和炎症性动脉疾病在年轻人中较为罕见。自20世纪80年代初以来，有报道称竞技自行车运动员髂动脉狭窄的发病率呈上升趋势。这些个体的组织学表现具有特异性，组织学检查显示内膜壁纤维化，无动脉粥样硬化或炎症性病变。这种动脉内膜纤维化的临床后果通常表现为一条或两条腿（15%）出现与运动相关的大腿肿胀主观感觉，静息时临床及多普勒检查正常。在最大运动后，85%的患病个体踝肱收缩压指数低于0.5，该指标在决定是否进行动脉造影之前作为诊断的关键依据。手术（重新校准的隐静脉移植或血管成形术 - 内膜纤维切除术）似乎能有效使患者早日恢复比赛，但长期效果仍有待评估。这种疾病的病理生理学及其与动脉粥样硬化的可能关系尚不清楚。
