Goolkasian P
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte 28223, USA.
Am J Psychol. 1997 Fall;110(3):397-415.
This study investigates the effect of the visibility of near and far letter distractors on target processing by scaling the size of the distractor letters to compensate for changes in resolution across the visual field. In Experiment 1, scaled and unscaled distractors were presented at varied stimulus onset asynchronies. Results showed that scaling the size of distractor letters in relation to their distance from the target was effective in producing strong compatibility effects. Scaled distractors presented prior to, or simultaneously with, the target were found to interfere with target processing whether they were near or far from the target. Experiment 2 used scaled distractors and varied the presentation location and the amount of time for processing prior to the presentation of the target. Compatibility effects were found to vary by location and by the exposure duration of the distractor. The finding of distance effects at far locations supports a space-based visual-attention mechanism with a wide attention beam (Steinman, Steinman, & Lehmkuhle, 1995).
本研究通过调整干扰字母的大小以补偿视野中分辨率的变化，来探究远近字母干扰物的可见性对目标加工的影响。在实验1中，呈现了不同刺激呈现异步的缩放和未缩放干扰物。结果表明，根据干扰字母与目标的距离调整其大小，能有效产生强烈的相容性效应。发现在目标之前或与目标同时呈现的缩放干扰物，无论其与目标的距离远近，都会干扰目标加工。实验2使用了缩放干扰物，并改变了呈现位置以及在目标呈现之前的加工时间。发现相容性效应因位置和干扰物的暴露持续时间而异。在远处位置发现距离效应这一结果支持了一种具有宽注意力波束的基于空间的视觉注意机制（斯坦曼、斯坦曼和莱姆库勒，1995）。
