Favaretto E, Torresani S
Servizio di Psicologia Medica, Università di Verona.
Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc. 1997 May-Aug;6(2):124-38. doi: 10.1017/s1121189x00004929.
To asses the capacity of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) to discriminate between normal subjects and clinical samples and between with different psychiatric diagnosis.
The present paper analyzes the studies published between 1979 and 1995, which have used the PBI in normal subjects and clinical samples and have reported the respective means and standard deviations obtained on the two PBI dimensions: affection and control. Multiple comparisons were carried out between the mean scores of affection and control of: 1) samples with the same psychiatric diagnosis (intragroup comparison); 2) samples with different psychiatric diagnoses (intergroup comparison); 3) normal subjects and clinical samples.
Of the 46 studies with normal and clinical subjects, 23 studies were selected for the analysis, reporting means and standard deviations and specifying the diagnostic criteria. Samples with the same psychiatric diagnosis had similar affection and control scores. With the exception of bipolar affective disorders and avoidant personality disorders, the prevalent parental style was for all diagnostic groups the affectionless control style. Within the affectionless control style, the PBI discriminated between panic attacks, borderline personality and drug addiction but not between schizophrenia, unipolar depression and anxiety disorder. The PBI discriminated also between normal subjects samples and samples with anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, personality disorder and drug addiction respectively.
The results confirm previous suggestions from single studies that the perceived parental style as measured by the PBI can be considered a good predictor for the presence of psychiatric disorders excluding panic attacks, avoidant personality disorders and unipolar affective disorders. Although the different diagnostic groups do not differ in their perceived parental style (affectionless control), significant differences between some diagnostic groups within this category suggest that the PBI might have some specificity as well.
评估父母教养方式问卷（PBI）区分正常受试者与临床样本以及不同精神疾病诊断的能力。
本文分析了1979年至1995年间发表的研究，这些研究在正常受试者和临床样本中使用了PBI，并报告了在PBI两个维度（情感和控制）上获得的各自均值和标准差。对以下各项的情感和控制平均得分进行了多重比较：1）具有相同精神疾病诊断的样本（组内比较）；2）具有不同精神疾病诊断的样本（组间比较）；3）正常受试者和临床样本。
在46项涉及正常和临床受试者的研究中，选择了23项进行分析，报告了均值和标准差并明确了诊断标准。具有相同精神疾病诊断的样本在情感和控制得分上相似。除双相情感障碍和回避型人格障碍外，所有诊断组中普遍的父母教养方式是缺乏情感的控制型。在缺乏情感的控制型中，PBI能够区分惊恐发作、边缘型人格障碍和药物成瘾，但不能区分精神分裂症、单相抑郁症和焦虑症。PBI还分别区分了正常受试者样本与焦虑症、精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、人格障碍和药物成瘾的样本。
结果证实了之前单项研究的建议，即通过PBI测量的感知到的父母教养方式可被视为排除惊恐发作、回避型人格障碍和单相情感障碍之外的精神疾病存在的良好预测指标。尽管不同诊断组在感知到的父母教养方式（缺乏情感的控制）上没有差异，但该类别中一些诊断组之间的显著差异表明PBI可能也具有一定的特异性。
