Heckmann J G, Duran J C, Galeoto J
Neurologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Deutschland.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1997 Jul;65(7):291-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-996333.
The Chiquitano tribe lives in the southern Amazonas region in Bolivia, remote from larger towns. Data on the epidemiology of neurological disorders are completely lacking.
A combined prospective-retrospective study was designed to determine the prevalence and annual incidence of major neurological diseases. In an one-year prospective study 1514 individuals (total population 5652) who consulted the general practitioner were interviewed and examined for neurological disturbances. These histories were analysed retrospectively by a neurologist and classified according the diagnosis key of the DGN.
During a one-year period (April 1995-March 1996), 139 patients suffering from neurological diseases were seen (one-year incidence and prevalence 2.45%). Cervical and lumbosacral pain syndromes were the most common neurological problems; these were caused by sleeping in hammocks, and by hard agricultural labour. Tropical myositis (12.9%) was very frequent and the most frequent muscle disease. Epilepsy was found in 11 patients and extrapyramidal syndromes in 2 patients. Regarding epilepsy, a high dark rate is assumed because of social and cultural traditions. Strokes are rare, since many risk factors are not present. All cases of meningitis were lethal and clearly demonstrated infrastructural problems. Patients with social diseases (AIDS, drug- and alcohol addiction, injuries caused by violence) were rarely seen.
In a shrinking world, and with the development of "Tropical Neurology" as a specialised discipline neuroepidemiological data are increasingly important for two reasons. First of all, they sensitise neurologists to this topic, and secondly, they can be used to estimate the need for neurologists serving the Third World's minority populations.
奇基塔诺部落生活在玻利维亚亚马逊地区南部，远离较大城镇。完全缺乏关于神经系统疾病流行病学的数据。
设计了一项前瞻性与回顾性相结合的研究，以确定主要神经系统疾病的患病率和年发病率。在一项为期一年的前瞻性研究中，对1514名（总人口5652人）咨询全科医生的个体进行了访谈，并检查是否存在神经功能障碍。这些病史由一名神经科医生进行回顾性分析，并根据DGN诊断标准进行分类。
在一年期间（1995年4月至1996年3月），共诊治了139例神经系统疾病患者（年发病率和患病率为2.45%）。颈肩痛和腰骶痛综合征是最常见的神经问题；这些是由睡在吊床上和繁重的农业劳动引起的。热带肌炎（12.9%）非常常见，是最常见的肌肉疾病。发现11例癫痫患者和2例锥体外系综合征患者。关于癫痫，由于社会和文化传统，推测漏报率很高。中风很少见，因为许多危险因素不存在。所有脑膜炎病例均致命，清楚地表明了基础设施问题。患有社会疾病（艾滋病、药物和酒精成瘾、暴力伤害）的患者很少见。
在一个日益缩小的世界中，随着“热带神经病学”作为一门专门学科的发展，神经流行病学数据变得越来越重要，原因有二。首先，它们使神经科医生对该主题敏感，其次，它们可用于估计为第三世界少数民族人口服务的神经科医生的需求。
