Wongsena W, Kunakorn M, Tanprasert S, Petchclai B
Diagnostic Laboratory, Khon Kaen Hospital, Thailand.
J Med Assoc Thai. 1997 Sep;80 Suppl 1:S112-5.
Prevention of transmission of HIV-1 via blood transfusion has been carried out by the National Blood Center by screening donated blood with anti-HIV and HIV antigen tests. To increase the safety measure, detection of proviral DNA by PCR has been proposed; however, it was impractical to test all samples by PCR. From August 1994 to September 1995, there were 296,169 blood donors with 0.32 per cent prevalence of anti-HIV positive. From these donors, 153 samples of which the anti-HIV enzyme immunoassay optical density (OD) between cutoff and 80 per cent of cutoff value (borderline results) were selected for PCR testing. One out of 153 borderline cases showed positive by PCR test for HIV-1 proviral DNA. However, this case was also positive by HIV antigen test. Therefore, most of the samples with borderline anti-HIV results were true negative for HIV infection. On the other hand, there were 8 HIV antigen positive samples which had anti-HIV OD below the borderline value determined in this study. This finding confirmed the necessity of using both the anti-HIV and HIV antigen tests for screening of donated blood.
国家血液中心通过使用抗HIV和HIV抗原检测对捐献血液进行筛查，来预防HIV-1通过输血传播。为加强安全措施，有人提议通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测前病毒DNA；然而，对所有样本进行PCR检测并不实际。1994年8月至1995年9月期间，共有296,169名献血者，抗HIV阳性患病率为0.32%。从这些献血者中，选取了153份抗HIV酶免疫测定光密度（OD）在临界值与临界值的80%之间（临界结果）的样本进行PCR检测。153例临界病例中有1例经PCR检测HIV-1前病毒DNA呈阳性。然而，该病例的HIV抗原检测也呈阳性。因此，大多数抗HIV结果临界的样本在HIV感染方面为真阴性。另一方面，有8份HIV抗原阳性样本的抗HIV OD低于本研究确定的临界值。这一发现证实了同时使用抗HIV和HIV抗原检测来筛查捐献血液的必要性。
