MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997 Oct 3;46(39):913-9.
In 1995, pneumonia and influenza together ranked sixth among the 10 leading causes of death in the United States. An estimated 90% of deaths caused by these illnesses occur among adults aged > or = 65 years. In addition, pneumococcal infections are the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia requiring hospitalization and account for an estimated 40,000 deaths annually in the United States. A national health objective for 2000 is to increase pneumococcal and influenza vaccination levels to > or = 60% for persons at high risk for complications from pneumococcal disease and influenza, including those aged > or = 65 years (objective 20.11). To estimate state-specific pneumococcal and influenza vaccination levels for persons aged > or = 65 years, CDC analyzed data from the 1995 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This report summarizes the BRFSS findings, which indicate sustained increases in self-reported coverage levels for pneumococcal and influenza vaccination among persons aged > or = 65 years; compares these findings with data from the 1993 BRFSS; and assesses progress toward the 2000 objective.
1995年，肺炎和流感在美国十大主要死因中位列第六。据估计，这些疾病导致的死亡中约90%发生在65岁及以上的成年人中。此外，肺炎球菌感染是需要住院治疗的细菌性肺炎的最常见病因，在美国每年估计导致40000人死亡。2000年的一项国家卫生目标是，将肺炎球菌疾病和流感并发症高危人群（包括65岁及以上人群）的肺炎球菌和流感疫苗接种率提高到60%及以上（目标20.11）。为了估算各州65岁及以上人群的肺炎球菌和流感疫苗接种率，疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）分析了1995年行为危险因素监测系统（BRFSS）的数据。本报告总结了BRFSS的调查结果，这些结果表明65岁及以上人群自我报告的肺炎球菌和流感疫苗接种率持续上升；将这些结果与1993年BRFSS的数据进行了比较；并评估了在实现2000年目标方面取得的进展。
