Owens-Stively J, Frank N, Smith A, Hagino O, Spirito A, Arrigan M, Alario A J
Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 02903, USA.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1997 Oct;18(5):314-21. doi: 10.1097/00004703-199710000-00005.
Fifty-two children without significant sleep disturbance seen at a primary care clinic for well-child care were compared on measures of temperament, parenting style, daytime behavior, and overall sleep disturbance to three diagnostic subgroups identified in a pediatric sleep clinic: children with obstructive sleep apnea (n = 33), parasomnias (night terrors, sleepwalking, etc.) (n = 16), and behavioral sleep disorders (limit-setting disorder, etc.) (n = 31). The mean age of the entire sample was 5.7 years. Temperamental emotionality in the behavioral sleep disorders group was associated with a higher level of sleep disturbance (p < .001); parenting laxness was associated with sleep disturbance in the general pediatric population (p < .01); and intense and negative temperament characteristics seemed to be associated with clinically significant behavioral sleep disturbances. Ineffective parenting styles and daytime disruptive behaviors were more likely to be associated with the milder sleep disturbances found in children in a primary care setting.
在一家初级保健诊所接受健康儿童护理且无明显睡眠障碍的52名儿童，在气质、养育方式、日间行为和总体睡眠障碍方面，与一家儿科睡眠诊所确定的三个诊断亚组进行了比较：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停儿童（n = 33）、异态睡眠（夜惊、梦游等）儿童（n = 16）和行为性睡眠障碍（限制设定障碍等）儿童（n = 31）。整个样本的平均年龄为5.7岁。行为性睡眠障碍组的气质情绪性与较高水平的睡眠障碍相关（p < .001）；养育宽松与普通儿科人群的睡眠障碍相关（p < .01）；强烈和消极的气质特征似乎与临床上显著的行为性睡眠障碍相关。无效的养育方式和日间破坏性行为更有可能与初级保健环境中儿童出现的较轻睡眠障碍相关。
