Department of Psychology and Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018 Oct/Nov;39(8):610-620. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000595.
To examine within an at-risk/clinical sample of preschool-aged children with externalizing problems: (1) which disruptive behavior and attention disorder symptoms (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositionality/aggression) and (2) what aspects of parenting (e.g., discipline practices or stress) are related to children's sleep problems (e.g., sleep habit and night waking problems).
The sample consisted of 148 children (meanage = 5.06 years, 82% male) with at-risk/clinically elevated levels of externalizing behavior problems and their primary caregiver. As part of a larger study, parents reported on their stress and parenting practices and their children's behavioral and sleep functioning. Positive and negative parenting behaviors ("do" and "don't" skills, respectively) were also observed during a 15-minute parent-child interaction during play.
Oppositionality/aggression was the only disruptive behavior and attention disorder symptom associated with more sleep habit problems. Higher levels of inconsistent discipline and "don't" skills were also associated with more sleep habit problems. Within a combined model, an interaction emerged such that the association between "don't" skills and elevated sleep habit problems was only evident at low levels of inconsistent discipline. In terms of night waking problems, there was only an association with parenting stress, whereas the other parenting factors and disruptive behavior and attention disorder symptoms were unrelated.
Although the directionality of our associations cannot be ascertained because of the cross-sectional nature of our study, these findings, nevertheless, highlight the importance of parenting factors (e.g., inconsistent discipline and parenting stress) when considering sleep difficulties in young children with disruptive behavior and attention disorders.
在有外化问题风险/临床的学龄前儿童样本中进行研究：(1) 哪些破坏性行为和注意障碍症状（即注意力不集中、多动/冲动和对立/攻击）；(2) 育儿的哪些方面（例如，纪律实践或压力）与儿童的睡眠问题（例如，睡眠习惯和夜间醒来问题）有关。
样本包括 148 名（平均年龄=5.06 岁，82%为男性）有外化行为问题风险/临床升高水平的儿童及其主要照顾者。作为一项更大研究的一部分，父母报告了他们的压力和育儿实践以及他们孩子的行为和睡眠功能。在游戏期间进行的 15 分钟亲子互动中，还观察到了积极和消极的育儿行为（分别为“做”和“不做”技能）。
对立/攻击是唯一与更多睡眠习惯问题相关的破坏性行为和注意障碍症状。不一致的纪律和“不做”技能水平较高也与更多的睡眠习惯问题有关。在一个综合模型中，出现了一个交互作用，即“不做”技能与睡眠习惯问题升高之间的关联仅在不一致纪律水平较低时才存在。就夜间醒来问题而言，仅与育儿压力有关，而其他育儿因素和破坏性行为和注意障碍症状则无关。
尽管由于我们的研究是横断面的，因此无法确定我们关联的方向性，但这些发现仍然强调了育儿因素（例如，不一致的纪律和育儿压力）在考虑有破坏性行为和注意障碍的幼儿睡眠困难时的重要性。
