Widdicombe J
Sherrington School of Physiology, UMDS, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
Allergy. 1997;52(40 Suppl):7-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb04877.x.
The microvasculature of the nose consists of: 1) A dense subepithelial network of capillaries, with fenestrations between the endothelial cells. This network provides nutrients to the epithelium and glands, and allows passage of water into the lumen for evaporation and air-conditioning. 2) A system of capacitance vessels or sinuses, which when they distend, block the nasal lumen, and when they empty, open the nasal passages. Changes in their volume will affect the filtering and air-conditioning functions of the nose. 3) Arteriovenous anastomoses which allow rapid passage of blood through the mucosa. They are probably important in air-conditioning, and in the countercurrent mechanisms that tend to keep the brain cool in a hot dry climate. The anatomical interrelationships between these different systems is not well understood, nor is their differential control in terms of actions of mediators and nerves. In neurogenic inflammation sensory nerves are excited and release local mediators such as substance P via axon reflexes. These sensory neuropeptides will cause vasodilatation, vascular congestion and extravasation of liquid from the postcapillary venules, with resultant oedema and exudate. They may also cause secretion from the submucosal glands.
1）一个密集的上皮下毛细血管网络，内皮细胞之间有窗孔。该网络为上皮和腺体提供营养，并允许水进入管腔进行蒸发和空气调节。2）一个容量血管或鼻窦系统，当它们扩张时会阻塞鼻道管腔，而当它们排空时会打开鼻道。其容积的变化会影响鼻子的过滤和空气调节功能。3）动静脉吻合支，允许血液快速通过黏膜。它们可能在空气调节以及在炎热干燥气候下使大脑保持凉爽的逆流机制中起重要作用。这些不同系统之间的解剖学相互关系尚未完全明了，它们在介质和神经作用方面的差异控制也不清楚。在神经源性炎症中，感觉神经被激活，并通过轴突反射释放诸如P物质等局部介质。这些感觉神经肽会导致血管舒张、血管充血以及液体从毛细血管后微静脉渗出，从而产生水肿和渗出物。它们还可能引起黏膜下腺体的分泌。
