Lamontagne A, Malouin F, Richards C L
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1997 Nov;26(5):244-52. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1997.26.5.244.
Muscle stretching as an exercise routine is widely used in orthopaedic and neurological rehabilitation. However, the muscle response to specific stretching parameters is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect parameters, such as stretch velocity, stretch extent, and initial muscle-tendon resistance, on the plantar flexor response to passive movement. Eighteen healthy subjects (23-41 years) participated in this study. Five passive ankle dorsiflexions were randomly imposed at various velocities from 5 degrees/sec to 180 degrees/sec using a Kin-Com dynamometer, while unwanted activations of the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles were detected with surface electrodes. The resistive torque was averaged at -10 degrees and 0 degree of dorsiflexion. As shown by analyses of variance followed by Scheffé post hoc procedures, the resistive torque was significantly increased (p < 0.01) between 5 degrees/sec and higher velocities (60 degrees/sec or 120 degrees/sec and higher). A strong linear resistive torque-velocity relationship was also observed, as indicated by Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.92 (-10 degrees) and 0.91 (0 degree). The absolute resistive torque increment, calculated at 180 degrees/sec, was larger at 0 degree of dorsiflexion than at the -10 degrees of dorsiflexion position. Finally, subjects with larger initial plantar flexor resistance had a higher resistive torque increment (p < 0.05) at a high velocity of stretch (180 degrees/sec) than those with less initial muscle-tendon resistance. These results indicate that 1) the nonreflex resistive torque response to stretch is velocity-sensitive and 2) both a larger stretch extent and muscle initial resistance lead to greater resistive torque increments at high velocity. These observations suggest that slow and gradual stretching procedures, rather than rapid or ballistic movements, should be used, especially with stiff muscles to reduce the chance of injury from excessively high tension.
肌肉拉伸作为一种日常锻炼方式，在骨科和神经康复中被广泛应用。然而，肌肉对特定拉伸参数的反应仍不明确。本研究的目的是探讨诸如拉伸速度、拉伸程度和初始肌腱阻力等参数对被动运动时跖屈肌反应的影响。18名健康受试者（23 - 41岁）参与了本研究。使用Kin-Com测力计以5度/秒至180度/秒的不同速度随机施加五次被动踝关节背屈，同时用表面电极检测比目鱼肌和胫骨前肌的不必要激活。在背屈-10度和0度时对阻力矩进行平均。方差分析及随后的Scheffé事后检验结果显示，在5度/秒和更高速度（60度/秒或120度/秒及更高）之间，阻力矩显著增加（p < 0.01）。Pearson相关系数为0.92（-10度）和0.91（0度），表明也观察到了强烈的线性阻力矩-速度关系。在180度/秒时计算的绝对阻力矩增量，在背屈0度时比在背屈-10度位置时更大。最后，初始跖屈肌阻力较大的受试者在高拉伸速度（180度/秒）下的阻力矩增量高于初始肌腱阻力较小的受试者（p < 0.05）。这些结果表明：1）对拉伸的非反射性阻力矩反应对速度敏感；2）更大的拉伸程度和肌肉初始阻力都会导致在高速时更大的阻力矩增量。这些观察结果表明，应采用缓慢渐进的拉伸程序，而不是快速或爆发性运动，尤其是对于僵硬的肌肉，以减少因过高张力导致受伤的可能性。
