Sublethal effects of experimental exposure to mercury in European flat oyster Ostrea edulis: cell alterations and quantitative analysis of metal.

Oysters display a diversity of uptake mechanisms for metallic elements and distribution in the target organs, namely gills and the digestive gland. Various tissues of the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, were studied following experimental exposure to 0.025 microM (5 micrograms l-1) of mercury, for up to 34 days. All animals survived the treatment. Data indicate Hg accumulation in gill tissue with a maximum concentration of 38.76 micrograms g-1 dry weight after 25 days of exposure. Hg levels were lower in remaining tissues, in which the maximum concentration (18.47 micrograms g-1 dry weight) was reached after 18 days of exposure. After these times, concentration in both tissues decreased. Results show that oysters can accumulate Hg from the environment, without their survival being affected during the experimental period. Structural alteration of epithelial tissues of gill and digestive gland of flat oyster was comparable with effects described for other metallic elements in bivalve molluscs. Interstitial tissue was disorganized in the digestive gland, and ultrastructural changes in intracellular endomembranes were detected in epithelial cells of the digestive gland after 18 days of treatment. After 25 days, absorptive epithelial cells of gills showed highly dilated, swollen microvilli. These intracellular alterations are parameters of the incipient response to the accumulation of mercury.