van der Woude L H, Bakker W H, Elkhuizen J W, Veeger H E, Gwinn T
Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1997 Sep-Oct;76(5):355-65. doi: 10.1097/00002060-199709000-00002.
To study the anaerobic work capacity in wheelchair athletes, 67 elite wheelchair athletes (50 male) were studied in a 30-second sprint test on a computer-controlled wheelchair ergometer during the World Championships and Games for the Disabled in Assen (1990). The experimental set-up (ergometer, protocol) proved to be adequate in terms of power output (P30, P5) velocity and heart rate. Male and female athletes were comparable with respect to personal characteristics (age, body weight, training hours). Track athletes (classified in 4 different functional classes) showed a class-related mean power output (P30: mean power produced during the 30-second sprint period) of 23, 68, 100, and 138 W for the male athletes (n = 38) and 38, 77, and 76 W for females in the upper three classes (n = 10). Sprint power was low for the group of subjects with cerebral palsy (35 W; mixed, n = 6) and relatively high for the amputee group (121 W; mixed, n = 6), female basketball players (81 W; n = 5), and two male field athletes (110 W). Significant differences between male and female athletes were found for P30 and P5 (highest mean power output over any of the six 5-second periods). As was to be expected, mean maximum heart rate in the sprint test varied significantly between the track groups from 112 (high lesion group) to 171 beats/minute(-1) (low lesion group) but not for both genders. The lower P30 in the T1 and T2 groups must be explained not only by the reduced functional muscle mass and impaired coordination but also by phenomena of cardiovascular dysfunction. Based on the performance parameters, the functional classification of the track athletes into four groups seems adequate. P30 was significantly associated with the personal characteristics of gender and hours of training. A significant correlation was found between P30 and sprint performance times for 200 meters (r = -0.79). No correlation was found between either of the forms of power output and the marathon times. Anaerobic wheelchair work capacity can be adequately studied with the 30-second sprint test that was used in this study. Anaerobic work capacity is highly variable among elite wheelchair athletes with different disabilities and from different sports disciplines and appeared quite strongly influenced by functionality, hours of training, and gender.
为研究轮椅运动员的无氧工作能力，在1990年于阿森举行的世界残疾人锦标赛和运动会期间，对67名精英轮椅运动员（50名男性）进行了一项在电脑控制的轮椅测力计上进行的30秒冲刺测试。实验装置（测力计、方案）在功率输出（P30、P5）、速度和心率方面被证明是合适的。男女运动员在个人特征（年龄、体重、训练时长）方面具有可比性。径赛运动员（分为4个不同功能级别）中，男性运动员（n = 38）在30秒冲刺期间的平均功率输出（P30）与功能级别相关，分别为23瓦、68瓦、100瓦和138瓦，而在上三个功能级别中的女性运动员（n = 10）的平均功率输出分别为38瓦、77瓦和76瓦。脑瘫患者组的冲刺功率较低（35瓦；混合组，n = 6），而截肢组（121瓦；混合组，n = 6）、女子篮球运动员（81瓦；n = 5）以及两名男子田赛运动员（110瓦）的冲刺功率相对较高。男女运动员在P30和P5（六个5秒时间段中任何一个时间段的最高平均功率输出）方面存在显著差异。正如预期的那样，径赛组在冲刺测试中的平均最大心率在不同组之间差异显著，从112次/分钟（高损伤组）到171次/分钟（低损伤组），但男女之间无差异。T1和T2组较低的P30不仅必须归因于功能性肌肉质量的减少和协调性受损，还应归因于心血管功能障碍现象。基于性能参数，将径赛运动员分为四组的功能分类似乎是合适的。P30与性别和训练时长等个人特征显著相关。发现P30与200米冲刺成绩时间之间存在显著相关性（r = -0.79）。功率输出的任何一种形式与马拉松时间之间均未发现相关性。本研究中使用的30秒冲刺测试能够充分研究轮椅无氧工作能力。无氧工作能力在不同残疾类型和不同运动项目的精英轮椅运动员中差异很大，并且似乎受到功能、训练时长和性别的显著影响。
