Shields R E
Emergency Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 1997 Sep;9(3):281-8.
The intent of this article is to be a comprehensive, but by no means exhaustive, review of some of the agents used for CS. The major classes and their principal uses are presented: benzodiazepines, for sedation-hypnosis, anxiolysis, and, in the case of midazolam, amnesia; and opiates, for analgesia and sedation. Also included are the miscellaneous items etomidate and propofol, for sedation-hypnosis; ketamine, for sedation and analgesia; and the phenothiazines and butyrophenones. One should consider how the interactions between and among these agents can be used for the benefit of the patient undergoing CS, and also the danger in combining agents and the necessity of constant monitoring. The reporting of ADEs is a recurring theme, the value of which cannot be overemphasized in modern medical practice, not only to satisfy accreditation requirements but also to ensure patient safety and improve therapeutic choices of medications.
本文旨在对一些用于清醒镇静的药物进行全面但绝非详尽无遗的综述。文中介绍了主要类别及其主要用途：苯二氮䓬类药物，用于镇静催眠、抗焦虑，而咪达唑仑还可用于产生遗忘作用；阿片类药物，用于镇痛和镇静。还包括其他药物，依托咪酯和丙泊酚用于镇静催眠；氯胺酮用于镇静和镇痛；以及吩噻嗪类和丁酰苯类药物。人们应考虑如何利用这些药物之间的相互作用，使接受清醒镇静的患者受益，同时也要考虑联合用药的风险以及持续监测的必要性。药品不良反应的报告是一个反复出现的主题，其价值在现代医疗实践中无论如何强调都不为过，这不仅是为了满足认证要求，也是为了确保患者安全并改善药物治疗选择。
