Aboutanos M B, Baker S P
Department of International Health, Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Trauma. 1997 Oct;43(4):719-26. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199710000-00031.
Trauma is the most important public health risk in wartime. Most preventive effort have addressed the political etiology of armed conflicts and the secondary effects of war (food, water, shelter, sanitation, and vector control). Little to no efforts have addressed the direct prevention and control of war trauma.
An extensive review of the literature, with compilation of the most important data.
Civilians are the major wartime targets in recent wars, and account for most of the killed and wounded. The trend has been toward a greater proportion of injuries from powerful explosive devices such as artillery shells and mines. Lessons learned from Bosnia and Lebanon show that the most effective way to achieve successful surveillance and injury prevention is to enhance the local skills and resources.
New approaches are needed to minimize trauma to civilians. Both political advocacy and local efforts (including modifying firearms and ammunition, bullet proof helmets for children, anti-sniper shields) are needed.
创伤是战时最重要的公共卫生风险。大多数预防工作都针对武装冲突的政治病因以及战争的次生影响（食物、水、住所、卫生和病媒控制）。几乎没有努力直接预防和控制战争创伤。
广泛查阅文献，汇编最重要的数据。
平民是近期战争中的主要战时目标，且伤亡人数最多。受伤情况呈现出受诸如炮弹和地雷等强力爆炸装置影响的比例不断增加这一趋势。从波斯尼亚和黎巴嫩汲取的经验教训表明，实现成功监测和预防伤害的最有效方法是提高当地的技能和资源。
需要新方法将对平民的创伤降至最低。政治宣传和地方努力（包括改进枪支和弹药、为儿童配备防弹头盔、防狙击盾牌）都必不可少。
