Freston J W, Ahnen D J, Czinn S J, Earnest D L, Farthing M J, Gorbach S L, Hunt R H, Sandler R S, Schuster M M
Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Oct;26(2):210-8. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1997.1165.
Olestra, a dietary fat substitute, was recently made available to consumers in savory snacks in three cities. Early reports of gastrointestinal complaints attributed to olestra attracted media coverage and fostered confusion among physicians and consumers about the nature of olestra and its effects on the digestive system. We reviewed all published studies of olestra's gastrointestinal effects and all relevant unpublished studies submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. Each study was analyzed by a group of expert gastroenterologists and epidemiologists. The symptoms reported with olestra ingestion are similar to those reported with ingestion of fiber and sorbitol, although the mechanisms involved in changing stool characteristics differ among these food additives. Olestra's effects on stool habit and characteristics are due to its presence in the stool. Large amounts are more likely to induce gastrointestinal symptoms than small amounts. There is no evidence that olestra induces pathological change in bowel function: there is no increased fluid or electrolyte nor is there altered gastrointestinal motility or microflora. Olestra and triglyceride ingestion resulted in a similar frequency of symptoms in normal adults and children and in people with chronic inflammatory bowel disease in remission. Olestra traverses the digestive tract intact to become a stool additive. Some subjects develop a change in bowel habit and stool characteristics due to the presence of more olestra in the stool. These changes resemble those associated with ingestion of sorbitol and fiber.
奥利斯特拉，一种膳食脂肪替代品，最近在三个城市的咸味零食中面向消费者供应。早期有关奥利斯特拉导致胃肠道不适的报道引起了媒体关注，并在医生和消费者中引发了对奥利斯特拉的性质及其对消化系统影响的困惑。我们查阅了所有已发表的关于奥利斯特拉胃肠道影响的研究以及所有提交给食品药品监督管理局的相关未发表研究。每项研究都由一组专家胃肠病学家和流行病学家进行分析。食用奥利斯特拉后报告的症状与食用纤维和山梨醇后报告的症状相似，尽管这些食品添加剂改变大便特征所涉及的机制有所不同。奥利斯特拉对大便习惯和特征的影响是由于其存在于粪便中。大量食用比少量食用更有可能引发胃肠道症状。没有证据表明奥利斯特拉会引起肠道功能的病理变化：既没有增加液体或电解质，也没有改变胃肠蠕动或微生物群。在正常成年人、儿童以及处于缓解期的慢性炎症性肠病患者中，食用奥利斯特拉和甘油三酯导致症状出现的频率相似。奥利斯特拉完整地穿过消化道，成为一种粪便添加剂。一些受试者由于粪便中存在更多的奥利斯特拉而出现大便习惯和大便特征的改变。这些变化类似于与摄入山梨醇和纤维相关的变化。
