Reisin E
Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 1997 Nov;81(6):1289-303. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(05)70583-6.
Weight loss decreases blood pressure, and this change can be sustained over the long-term when the lower weight is maintained. Salt restriction may be effective in blood pressure control only in salt-sensitive individuals. Heavy drinkers (those who drink more than three drinks [30 mL] daily) experience deleterious effects such as hypertension and more cardiovascular risk factors. Consequently, they should be advised to reduce alcohol intake to less than 30 mL daily. Endurance training with dynamic exercise appears to be beneficial for hypertensive patients, although recommendation guidelines are still imprecise. Finally, smoking cessation has not been proven to decrease blood pressure levels but should nonetheless be recommended because of its favorable effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
体重减轻可降低血压，且当体重维持在较低水平时，这种变化可长期持续。限盐可能仅对盐敏感个体的血压控制有效。重度饮酒者（即每天饮酒超过三杯[30毫升]的人）会出现诸如高血压和更多心血管危险因素等有害影响。因此，应建议他们将酒精摄入量减少至每日少于30毫升。动态运动的耐力训练似乎对高血压患者有益，尽管推荐指南仍不明确。最后，戒烟虽未被证明可降低血压水平，但鉴于其对心血管发病率和死亡率有有利影响，仍应予以推荐。
