Kampf G, Gastmeier P, Wischnewski N, Schlingmann J, Schumacher M, Daschner F, Rüden H
Institute for Hygiene, Free University Berlin, Germany.
J Hosp Infect. 1997 Oct;37(2):103-12. doi: 10.1016/s0195-6701(97)90180-8.
An analysis of risk factors for nosocomial infections (NI) was carried out using data from the first national prevalence survey on NI in Germany. Fourteen thousand, nine hundred and sixty-six patients, with a total of 543 NI, were included. Urinary tract infections (UTI), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), surgical site infections (SSI) and primary septicaemia (PS) were analysed. UTI were significantly associated with unconsciousness, age, prior operation, hospital size and female sex (P < 0.1). LRTI were significantly associated with chronic airway disease, intensive care units, unconsciousness, polytrauma, prior operation, cardiovascular disease, malignancy and absence of infection on admission. The department, age, diabetes mellitus, male sex and hospital size were risk factors for SSI. The department, prior operation and unconsciousness were significantly associated with PS. An investigator effect was observed for LRTI and PS. Although no final conclusions from a risk factor analysis based on prevalence data can be drawn the results support stratification of NI for routine surveillance.
利用德国首次全国医院感染患病率调查的数据，对医院感染（NI）的危险因素进行了分析。纳入了14966例患者，共发生543例医院感染。对尿路感染（UTI）、下呼吸道感染（LRTI）、手术部位感染（SSI）和原发性败血症（PS）进行了分析。尿路感染与意识不清、年龄、既往手术、医院规模和女性性别显著相关（P<0.1）。下呼吸道感染与慢性气道疾病、重症监护病房、意识不清、多发伤、既往手术、心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤和入院时无感染显著相关。科室、年龄、糖尿病、男性性别和医院规模是手术部位感染的危险因素。科室、既往手术和意识不清与原发性败血症显著相关。在下呼吸道感染和原发性败血症方面观察到研究者效应。虽然基于患病率数据的危险因素分析无法得出最终结论，但结果支持对医院感染进行分层以进行常规监测。
