Gastmeier P, Kampf G, Wischnewski N, Hauer T, Schulgen G, Schumacher M, Daschner F, Rüden H
Institute for Hygiene, Free University Berlin.
J Hosp Infect. 1998 Jan;38(1):37-49. doi: 10.1016/s0195-6701(98)90173-6.
The nosocomial infection (NI) rate in German hospitals was studied in order to create reference data for comparison in hospitals where ongoing surveillance is impossible. The study was designed as a one-day prevalence study. Patients in 72 selected hospitals (inclusion criteria: acute care hospitals with departments for general medicine, surgery, obstetrics/gynaecology) were examined by four external investigators (physicians trained and validated in the diagnosis of NI). A total of 14,996 patients were studied. The overall prevalence rate was 3.5% (CI 3.1-3.9) with a variation of 0-8.9% between hospitals. The commonest NI were: urinary tract infection (42.1%), lower respiratory tract infection (20.6%), surgical site infections (15.8%) and primary sepsis (8.3%). The highest prevalence rate (15.3%) was found in intensive care ward patients, followed by surgery (3.8%), general medicine (3.0%) and gynaecology/obstetrics (1.4%). The infection rate varied significantly with hospital size. A microbiology laboratory report was only available for 56.5% of patients thought to have an NI, and there were remarkable differences between hospitals with and without an on-site microbiology laboratory. Because of this and other methodological reasons the NI prevalence rates reported here may represent the absolute minimum of nosocomially infected patients in Germany.
为了创建参考数据以便在无法进行持续监测的医院中进行比较，对德国医院的医院感染（NI）率进行了研究。该研究设计为一日患病率研究。由四名外部调查员（经过NI诊断培训并经验证的医生）对72家选定医院的患者（纳入标准：设有普通内科、外科、妇产科的急症医院）进行检查。总共研究了14996名患者。总体患病率为3.5%（95%置信区间为3.1 - 3.9），各医院之间的患病率在0 - 8.9%之间变化。最常见的医院感染类型为：尿路感染（42.1%）、下呼吸道感染（20.6%）、手术部位感染（15.8%）和原发性脓毒症（8.3%）。患病率最高的是重症监护病房患者（15.3%），其次是外科（3.8%）、普通内科（3.0%）和妇产科（1.4%）。感染率因医院规模而异。对于被认为患有医院感染的患者，仅有56.5%的患者有微生物学实验室报告，且有现场微生物学实验室的医院和没有现场微生物学实验室的医院之间存在显著差异。由于这个原因以及其他方法学原因，此处报告的医院感染患病率可能仅代表德国医院感染患者的绝对最小值。
