Bishop M R
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.
Stem Cells. 1997;15 Suppl 2:305-10. doi: 10.1002/stem.5530150740.
Bone marrow transplantation has been used for several years in the treatment of hematopoietic system malfunction. However, this particular therapy option has had minimal benefit when the hematopoietic system failure results from radiation exposure, such as that after the Chernobyl accident. In the last ten years, there has been considerable progress in the development of methods to encourage stem cell repopulation with the application of hematopoietic growth factors, and to reconstitute the hematopoietic system with stem cells extracted from the peripheral blood. Problems with allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation as a therapy option include graft-versus-host disease and a shortage of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. These problems can be overcome if an autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood transplant is performed, but this is not always practical. Another approach to combat these difficulties is the use of umbilical cord blood as a source of donor cells, since placental blood is rich in stem cells and less prone to lead to graft-versus-host disease than mature blood.
骨髓移植用于治疗造血系统功能障碍已有数年。然而，当造血系统衰竭是由辐射暴露导致时，比如切尔诺贝利事故之后的情况，这种特殊的治疗方法收效甚微。在过去十年里，在应用造血生长因子促进干细胞再填充以及用从外周血中提取的干细胞重建造血系统的方法开发方面取得了相当大的进展。作为一种治疗选择，异基因骨髓或外周血干细胞移植存在的问题包括移植物抗宿主病以及缺乏人类白细胞抗原（HLA）匹配的供体。如果进行自体骨髓或外周血移植，这些问题可以得到克服，但这并非总是可行的。应对这些困难的另一种方法是使用脐带血作为供体细胞来源，因为胎盘血富含干细胞，并且比成熟血液更不容易引发移植物抗宿主病。
