Harris E L, Schuerholz L J, Singer H S, Reader M J, Brown J E, Cox C, Mohr J, Chase G A, Denckla M B
Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1995 Nov;1(6):511-6. doi: 10.1017/s1355617700000631.
Tourette Syndrome (TS) in children is associated with various neurobehavioral disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with TS and ADHD show some difficulties with neuropsychological tasks, but we do not know if children with TS alone have neuropsychological deficits. To assess specific cognitive differences among children with TS and/or ADHD, we administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, including 10 tasks related to executive function (EF), to 10 children with TS-only, 48 with ADHD-only, and 32 with TS + ADHD. Children in all groups could not efficiently produce output on a timed continuous performance task [Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) mean reaction time and reaction time variability]. Children with TS-only appeared to have fewer EF impairments and significantly higher perceptual organization scores than children with TS + ADHD or ADHD-only. These findings suggest that deficiencies in choice reaction time and consistency of timed responses are common to all three groups, but children with TS-only have relatively less EF impairment than children with TS + ADHD or ADHD-only.
儿童抽动秽语综合征（TS）与包括注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在内的多种神经行为障碍有关。患有TS和ADHD的儿童在神经心理任务方面存在一些困难，但我们不知道仅患有TS的儿童是否存在神经心理缺陷。为了评估患有TS和/或ADHD的儿童之间的特定认知差异，我们对10名仅患有TS的儿童、48名仅患有ADHD的儿童和32名患有TS + ADHD的儿童进行了一系列神经心理测试，包括10项与执行功能（EF）相关的任务。所有组的儿童在定时连续操作任务[注意力变量测试（TOVA）平均反应时间和反应时间变异性]中都无法有效地产生输出。仅患有TS的儿童似乎比患有TS + ADHD或仅患有ADHD的儿童有更少的EF损伤，并且感知组织得分显著更高。这些发现表明，选择反应时间和定时反应一致性的缺陷在所有三组中都很常见，但仅患有TS的儿童比患有TS + ADHD或仅患有ADHD的儿童有相对较少的EF损伤。
