Takahashi T, Saadi S, Platt J L
Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Immunol Res. 1997;16(3):273-97. doi: 10.1007/BF02786395.
The transplantation of tissue and organs between individuals of different species, that is xenotransplantation, engenders a variety of severe immune responses. Xenogeneic immune responses mediated by naturally occurring antibodies and complement lead to hyperacute and acute vascular rejection of vascularized organ grafts and may also cause vascular rejection of cell and tissue grafts. Under some circumstances, however, a vascularized organ graft may evade humoral rejection despite the presence of antidonor antibodies in the circulation of the recipient; this condition is called accommodation. Xenogeneic immune responses mediated by T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells may cause acute cellular rejection. The extent to which cellular rejection of xenografts resembles cellular rejection of allografts remains to be determined. New insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune responses to xenotransplantation have shed new light on the pathogenesis of immunological disease and have allowed the development of specific immunomodulatory strategies that may facilitate clinical application of xenotransplantation.
不同物种个体之间的组织和器官移植，即异种移植，会引发多种严重的免疫反应。由天然存在的抗体和补体介导的异种免疫反应会导致血管化器官移植物的超急性和急性血管排斥反应，也可能导致细胞和组织移植物的血管排斥反应。然而，在某些情况下，尽管受体循环中存在抗供体抗体，但血管化器官移植物仍可能逃避体液排斥；这种情况称为适应。由T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞介导的异种免疫反应可能导致急性细胞排斥。异种移植物的细胞排斥与同种异体移植物的细胞排斥相似的程度仍有待确定。对异种移植免疫反应潜在分子机制的新见解为免疫性疾病的发病机制提供了新的线索，并促进了特定免疫调节策略的发展，这可能会推动异种移植的临床应用。
