Amoroso P J, Bell N S, Jones B H
U.S. Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Military Performance Division, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1997 Nov;68(11):1006-11.
While military parachuting injuries have been well studied, the relationship between gender and risk of injury has not. Injuries among women may be different due to anatomic and physiologic differences, or due to exposure to different jump conditions. Training methods and equipment developed for men may not be as effective in preventing injuries among women.
We hypothesize that the nature and distribution of parachute injuries will vary by gender.
This descriptive retrospective study used 10 yr of parachute injury data reported to the U.S. Army Safety Center at Fort Rucker, AL, and exposure data obtained from the Defense Manpower Data Center, Monterey, CA.
Women appear to jump under less hazardous conditions (jump more often than men in daylight and in static-line, non-tactical environments), yet appear to be at greater risk of serious injury, particularly lower extremity fractures. Injured male parachutists are more likely to experience upper extremity injury. Women's injuries are more likely to be the result of an improper parachute landing fall or parachute malfunction, while men are more likely to be injured due to ground hazards.
There are some provocative gender differences in patterns of injury. Further research is indicated starting with a comprehensive, prospective study, controlling for physical fitness and exposure differences, as well as for potential reporting bias, in order to better understand the apparent differences in reported injuries.
虽然军事跳伞损伤已得到充分研究，但性别与损伤风险之间的关系尚未明确。由于解剖学和生理学差异，或者由于接触不同的跳伞条件，女性的损伤情况可能有所不同。为男性开发的训练方法和设备在预防女性损伤方面可能效果不佳。
我们假设跳伞损伤的性质和分布会因性别而异。
这项描述性回顾性研究使用了向位于阿拉巴马州拉克堡的美国陆军安全中心报告的10年跳伞损伤数据，以及从加利福尼亚州蒙特雷的国防人力数据中心获得的暴露数据。
女性似乎在危险性较低的条件下跳伞（在白天以及静态绳索、非战术环境中跳伞的频率高于男性），然而似乎遭受严重损伤的风险更高，尤其是下肢骨折。受伤的男性跳伞者更有可能遭受上肢损伤。女性的损伤更有可能是由于降落伞着陆摔倒不当或降落伞故障导致的，而男性更有可能因地面危险而受伤。
在损伤模式方面存在一些引人深思的性别差异。有必要开展进一步研究，首先进行一项全面的前瞻性研究，控制身体素质、暴露差异以及潜在的报告偏差，以便更好地理解报告损伤中明显的差异。
