Glezen W P, Taber L H, Frank A L, Gruber W C, Piedra P A
Influenza Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997 Nov;16(11):1065-8. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199711000-00012.
Universal immunization of children with live attenuated cold recombinant vaccine has been proposed. The renewed recommendation for maternal immunization with influenza vaccine should increase the amount of antibody transmitted to the infant and postpone the need for active immunization. This study examines the risk of influenza during the first year of life to provide information about the time to initiate active immunization.
Infants followed from birth to 1 year of age in the Houston Family Study were monitored weekly for influenza virus infection. Serum specimens were tested for evidence of infection at 4-month intervals.
One-third of 209 infants were infected during the first year; most of the infections occurred during the second 6 months of life. Only 26 of 69 infections were detected before 6 months of age compared with 43 afterward. More striking was the concentration of serious illnesses in the latter half of the first year; 8 of 9 otitis media episodes and 9 of 11 lower respiratory tract illnesses occurred in the older infants.
The combination of increased maternal antibody titers that should result from influenza immunization and the lesser risk of influenza in the first 6 months of life allows initiation of active immunization of children after 6 months of age.
已有人提出对儿童普遍接种减毒活冷重组疫苗。对孕妇接种流感疫苗的新建议应会增加传递给婴儿的抗体量，并推迟主动免疫的需求。本研究调查了生命第一年患流感的风险，以提供有关开始主动免疫时间的信息。
在休斯顿家庭研究中，对从出生到1岁的婴儿每周监测流感病毒感染情况。每隔4个月检测血清标本以寻找感染证据。
209名婴儿中有三分之一在第一年感染；大多数感染发生在生命的第二个6个月。69例感染中只有26例在6个月龄前被检测到，而之后有43例。更显著的是严重疾病集中在第一年的后半段；9例中耳炎发作中有8例以及11例下呼吸道疾病中有9例发生在较大婴儿中。
流感免疫应导致的母体抗体滴度增加，以及生命前6个月患流感风险较低，这两者相结合使得可以在6个月龄后开始对儿童进行主动免疫。
