Gruss H J, Dower S K
Department of Biochemistry, Immunex Research & Development Corporation, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
Cytokines Mol Ther. 1995 Jun;1(2):75-105.
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily comprises 10 different members of type I integral membrane glycoproteins with characteristic limited sequence homology for the extracellular cysteine-rich repeats. A parallel existing TNF ligand superfamily has been discovered by cloning of ligands for all of the TNF receptor superfamily members. These molecules are type II membrane glycoproteins, with the exception of LT-alpha, which is the only secreted protein of the family. TNF and CD95L also exist in biologically active shed soluble form. The TNF ligand superfamily presently contains nine different proteins. In addition, the NGFR p75 binds to a second family of proteins. These NGF-like dimeric soluble molecules are basic neurotrophic factors, and the five members are not related to the TNF superfamily ligands. The TNF-like ligands share some common biological activities, but other activities appear to be shared only by some ligands or are unique. The diverse biological effects mediated through the interaction of the members of the TNF receptor and ligand superfamilies have provided information on the regulation of cellular activation, including the involvement of T-cell-dependent immune responses as well as associations with human diseases.
肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）受体超家族由10种不同的I型整合膜糖蛋白成员组成，其细胞外富含半胱氨酸的重复序列具有有限的特征性序列同源性。通过克隆所有TNF受体超家族成员的配体，发现了一个与之平行的TNF配体超家族。这些分子是II型膜糖蛋白，但淋巴毒素-α（LT-α）除外，它是该家族中唯一的分泌蛋白。TNF和CD95L也以具有生物活性的可溶性形式存在。目前，TNF配体超家族包含9种不同的蛋白质。此外，神经生长因子受体p75（NGFR p75）与第二类蛋白质结合。这些类神经生长因子的二聚体可溶性分子是碱性神经营养因子，其5个成员与TNF超家族配体无关。TNF样配体具有一些共同的生物学活性，但其他活性似乎仅为某些配体所共有或具有独特性。通过TNF受体和配体超家族成员之间的相互作用介导的多种生物学效应，为细胞活化的调节提供了信息，包括T细胞依赖性免疫反应的参与以及与人类疾病的关联。
