Richards R J
Hosp Pract (1995). 1997 Nov 15;32(11):15-6, 19-21, 25-6. doi: 10.1080/21548331.1997.11443589.
Physicians can improve their medical decision making by considering the risk-benefit ratio, characteristics of a diagnostic test, and the probability of disease. Several threshold values of probability were defined. The treatment threshold is used when a diagnostic test is not being considered. If the probability of disease is greater than the treatment threshold, then treatment should be administered. If a test is being considered, then the test threshold and the test-treatment threshold should be used to determine if testing is indicated. If the probability of disease is less than the test threshold, then no treatment and no testing are the preferred options. If the probability of disease is greater than the test-treatment threshold, then treatment without testing is preferred. If the probability of disease lies between the test and test-treatment thresholds, the test should be performed.
医生可以通过考虑风险效益比、诊断测试的特征以及疾病的概率来改善他们的医疗决策。定义了几个概率阈值。当不考虑诊断测试时使用治疗阈值。如果疾病的概率大于治疗阈值，那么就应该进行治疗。如果正在考虑进行测试，那么应该使用测试阈值和测试-治疗阈值来确定是否需要进行测试。如果疾病的概率小于测试阈值，那么不治疗和不测试是首选方案。如果疾病的概率大于测试-治疗阈值，那么不进行测试直接治疗是首选。如果疾病的概率介于测试阈值和测试-治疗阈值之间，就应该进行测试。
