Tanaka H, Desouza C A, Jones P P, Stevenson E T, Davy K P, Seals D R
Human Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Center for Physical Activity, Disease Prevention, and Aging, Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado 80262, USA.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997 Dec;83(6):1947-53. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1947.
Using a meta-analytic approach, we recently reported that the rate of decline in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) with age in healthy women is greatest in the most physically active and smallest in the least active when expressed in milliliters per kilogram per minute per decade. We tested this hypothesis prospectively under well-controlled laboratory conditions by studying 156 healthy, nonobese women (age 20-75 yr): 84 endurance-trained runners (ET) and 72 sedentary subjects (S). ET were matched across the age range for age-adjusted 10-km running performance. Body mass was positively related with age in S but not in ET. Fat-free mass was not different with age in ET or S. Maximal respiratory exchange ratio and rating of perceived exertion were similar across age in ET and S, suggesting equivalent voluntary maximal efforts. There was a significant but modest decline in running mileage, frequency, and speed with advancing age in ET. VO2 max (ml . kg-1 . min-1) was inversely related to age (P < 0.001) in ET (r = -0.82) and S (r = -0.71) and was higher at any age in ET. Consistent with our meta-analysic findings, the absolute rate of decline in VO2 max was greater in ET (-5.7 ml . kg-1 . min-1 . decade-1) compared with S (-3.2 ml . kg-1 . min-1 . decade-1; P < 0. 01), but the relative (%) rate of decline was similar (-9.7 vs -9. 1%/decade; not significant). The greater absolute rate of decline in VO2 max in ET compared with S was not associated with a greater rate of decline in maximal heart rate (-5.6 vs. -6.2 beats . min-1 . decade-1), nor was it related to training factors. The present cross-sectional findings provide additional evidence that the absolute, but not the relative, rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age may be greater in highly physically active women compared with their sedentary healthy peers. This difference does not appear to be related to age-associated changes in maximal heart rate, body composition, or training factors.
我们最近采用荟萃分析方法报告称，以每千克每分钟每十年毫升数表示时，健康女性最大摄氧量（VO₂ max）随年龄的下降速率在身体活动量最大的女性中最快，在身体活动量最小的女性中最慢。我们在严格控制的实验室条件下对这一假设进行了前瞻性测试，研究了156名健康、非肥胖女性（年龄20 - 75岁）：84名耐力训练跑步者（ET）和72名久坐不动者（S）。ET在年龄范围内按年龄调整后的10公里跑步成绩进行匹配。体重在S组中与年龄呈正相关，而在ET组中并非如此。去脂体重在ET组或S组中与年龄无关。ET组和S组的最大呼吸交换率和主观用力程度评分在各年龄段相似，表明自愿最大努力程度相当。随着年龄增长，ET组的跑步里程、频率和速度有显著但适度的下降。ET组（r = -0.82）和S组（r = -0.71）中，VO₂ max（毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）与年龄呈负相关（P < 0.001），且在任何年龄ET组的VO₂ max都更高。与我们的荟萃分析结果一致，ET组VO₂ max的绝对下降速率（-5.7毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹·十年⁻¹）大于S组（-3.2毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹·十年⁻¹；P < 0.01），但相对（%）下降速率相似（-9.7对-9.1%/十年；无显著差异）。与S组相比，ET组VO₂ max更大幅度的绝对下降速率与最大心率更大幅度的下降速率（-5.6对-6.2次·分钟⁻¹·十年⁻¹）无关，也与训练因素无关。目前的横断面研究结果提供了更多证据，表明与久坐不动的健康同龄人相比，身体活动量高的女性最大有氧能力随年龄下降的绝对速率可能更大，但相对速率并非如此。这种差异似乎与最大心率、身体成分或训练因素的年龄相关变化无关。
