Nygren T E
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
Hum Factors. 1997 Sep;39(3):425-37. doi: 10.1518/001872097778827115.
It is well documented that the way a static choice task is "framed" can dramatically alter choice behavior, often leading to observable preference reversals. This framing effect appears to result from perceived changes in the nature or location of a person's initial reference point, but it is not clear how framing effects might generalize to performance on dynamic decision making tasks that are characterized by high workload, time constraints, risk, or stress. A study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that framing can introduce affective components to the decision making process and can influence, either favorably (positive frame) or adversely (negative frame), the implementation and use of decision making strategies in dynamic high-workload environments. Results indicated that negative frame participants were significantly impaired in developing and employing a simple optimal decision strategy relative to a positive frame group. Discussion focuses on implications of these results for models of dynamic decision making.
有充分的文献记载，静态选择任务的“框架”方式能够显著改变选择行为，常常导致明显的偏好逆转。这种框架效应似乎源于人们初始参照点的性质或位置的感知变化，但尚不清楚框架效应如何推广到以高工作量、时间限制、风险或压力为特征的动态决策任务的表现中。进行了一项研究，以检验以下假设：框架能够将情感成分引入决策过程，并能够在动态高工作量环境中对决策策略的实施和使用产生有利（积极框架）或不利（消极框架）的影响。结果表明，相对于积极框架组，消极框架组的参与者在制定和采用简单的最优决策策略方面明显受损。讨论集中在这些结果对动态决策模型的影响。
