Separately expressed T cell receptor alpha and beta chain transgenes exert opposite effects on T cell differentiation and neoplastic transformation.

Two aspects of T cell differentiation in T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic mice, the generation of an unusual population of CD4-CD8-TCR+ thymocytes and the absence of gamma delta cells, have been the focus of extensive investigation. To examine the basis for these phenomena, we investigated the effects of separate expression of a transgenic TCR alpha chain and a transgenic TCR beta chain on thymocyte differentiation. Our data indicate that expression of a transgenic TCR alpha chain causes thymocytes to differentiate into a CD4-CD8-TCR+ lineage at an early developmental stage, depleting the number of thymocytes that differentiate into the alpha beta lineage. Surprisingly, expression of the TCR alpha chain transgene is also associated with the development of T cell lymphosarcoma. In contrast, expression of the transgenic TCR beta chain causes immature T cells to accelerate differentiation into the alpha beta lineage and thus inhibits the generation of gamma delta cells. Our observations provide a model for understanding T cell differentiation in TCR-transgenic mice.