Meriot P, Veillon F, Garcia J F, Nonent M, Jezequel J, Bourjat P, Bellet M
Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Brest, France.
Radiographics. 1997 Nov-Dec;17(6):1445-54. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.17.6.9397457.
Trauma of the ossicular chain is a frequent complication of temporal bone injury. Skull trauma from blows to the temporal, parietal, or occipital region (with or without fracture of the temporal bone) is the main cause of ossicular injury; other modes of injury are rare. Ossicular injury usually occurs as a dislocation, of which there are five types: incudostapedial joint separation, incudomalleolar joint separation, dislocation of the incus, dislocation of the malleoincudal complex, and stapediovestibular dislocation. Fracture of the malleus, incus, or stapes is uncommon. High-resolution computed tomography is the method of choice for evaluation of ossicular trauma. Joint separation and fracture of the stapes are seen on axial images; coronal images may aid visualization. Both axial and coronal images are needed for evaluation of a dislocated malleus or incus. Fracture of the malleus or incus is detected with axial or coronal images; reformatted images may also be useful.
听骨链创伤是颞骨损伤的常见并发症。颞部、顶叶或枕部受到打击导致的颅骨创伤（无论颞骨有无骨折）是听骨损伤的主要原因；其他损伤方式较为罕见。听骨损伤通常表现为脱位，共有五种类型：砧镫关节分离、砧锤关节分离、砧骨脱位、锤砧复合体脱位和镫骨前庭脱位。锤骨、砧骨或镫骨骨折并不常见。高分辨率计算机断层扫描是评估听骨创伤的首选方法。轴位图像上可见镫骨的关节分离和骨折；冠状位图像有助于观察。评估脱位的锤骨或砧骨需要轴位和冠状位图像。锤骨或砧骨骨折通过轴位或冠状位图像检测；重组图像可能也有用。
