Ajmal M, Khan A, Nomani A A, Ahmed S
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, India.
Sci Total Environ. 1997 Nov 14;207(1):49-54. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(97)00244-1.
Heavy metals (zinc, lead, cadmium, iron, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel and cobalt) were found to leach from the glazed surfaces of tea mugs collected from 13 different pottery units of Khurja (U.P.) and one each from Ghaziabad (U.P.) and Calcutta (West Bengal) determined under different conditions. The leachates used were: tea at 80 degrees C, orange juice at room temperature and 4% acetic acid at room temperature, 40 degrees C and 60 degrees C, respectively. The volume (capacity) of mugs ranged between 200 and 250 ml. The duration for leaching was 24 h in each case without stirring. The concentrations of metals leached in tea at 80 degrees C were found in the range (in microgram/l): Zn, 236-730; Fe, 98-925; Cr, 62-119; Cu, 63-299; Mn, 710-2670; and Ni, 70-80 micrograms/l. The concentrations of metals leached in orange juice at room temperature were in the range (in microgram/l): Zn, 393-1262; Cd, 25-349; Fe, 122-342; Cr, 66-945; Cu, 135-853; Mn, 166-424; and Ni, 70-134 micrograms/l. The concentrations of heavy metals extracted by 4% acetic acid at room temperature were found in the range (in microgram/l): Zn, 18-192; Fe, 143-372; Cu, 51-190; and Mn, 0-48 micrograms/l; at 40 degrees C (in microgram/l): Zn, 118-837; Fe, 124-639; Cu, 230-722; and Mn, 30-63 micrograms/l and at 60 degrees: Zn, 33-900; Fe, 83-576; Cu, 90-685; and Mn, 43-778 micrograms/l, respectively.
研究发现，从北方邦胡尔贾13个不同陶器厂以及北方邦加济阿巴德和西孟加拉邦加尔各答各一家收集的茶杯釉面中，在不同条件下会沥出重金属（锌、铅、镉、铁、铬、铜、锰、镍和钴）。所使用的沥出液分别为：80摄氏度的茶、室温下的橙汁以及室温、40摄氏度和60摄氏度的4%醋酸。茶杯的容量（体积）在200至250毫升之间。每种情况下沥出持续时间为24小时，且不进行搅拌。在80摄氏度的茶中沥出的金属浓度范围（以微克/升计）为：锌，236 - 730；铁，98 - 925；铬，62 - 119；铜，63 - 299；锰，710 - 2670；镍，70 - 80微克/升。在室温下的橙汁中沥出的金属浓度范围（以微克/升计）为：锌，393 - 1262；镉，25 - 349；铁，122 - 342；铬，66 - 945；铜，135 - 853；锰，166 - 424；镍，70 - 134微克/升。在室温下用4%醋酸提取的重金属浓度范围（以微克/升计）为：锌，18 - 192；铁，143 - 372；铜，51 - 190；锰，0 - 48微克/升；在40摄氏度时（以微克/升计）为：锌，118 - 837；铁，124 - 639；铜，230 - 722；锰，30 - 63微克/升；在60摄氏度时为：锌，33 - 900；铁，83 - 576；铜，90 - 685；锰，43 - 778微克/升。
