Muris P, Merckelbach H, Collaris R
Department of Psychology, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Behav Res Ther. 1997 Oct;35(10):929-37. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00050-8.
The present study examined rank orders and characteristics of childhood fears. A 'free option' approach ('What do you fear most?') deviated markedly from the fear rank order based on the Fear Survey Schedule for Children. A second aim of the study was to investigate the origins of prevalent childhood fears. In contrast to the results of Ollendick and King (1991, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 117-123), conditioning was found to be the most commonly reported pathway related to exacerbation and onset of fears. Finally, special attention was given to the top intense fear in children, namely fear of spiders. Children who reported 'none', 'some' or 'a lot' of spider fear were compared with each other in terms of pathways. No differences between the three groups were found with respect to the frequency of modeling and information experiences. However, high fearful children more often reported conditioning experiences than low or moderate fearful children.
本研究考察了儿童恐惧的等级顺序和特征。一种“自由选择”的方法（“你最害怕什么？”）与基于儿童恐惧调查表得出的恐惧等级顺序有显著偏差。该研究的第二个目的是探究儿童常见恐惧的根源。与奥伦迪克和金（1991年，《行为研究与治疗》，第29卷，第117 - 123页）的研究结果相反，条件作用被发现是与恐惧加剧和产生最常被报告的途径。最后，特别关注了儿童中最强烈的恐惧，即对蜘蛛的恐惧。报告对蜘蛛“一点也不害怕”“有些害怕”或“非常害怕”的儿童在途径方面进行了相互比较。在模仿和信息体验的频率方面，三组之间未发现差异。然而，高度恐惧的儿童比低度或中度恐惧的儿童更常报告有条件作用体验。
