Davis A, Bloom N S, Que Hee S S
Geomega, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA.
Risk Anal. 1997 Oct;17(5):557-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00897.x.
There have been many studies of mercury geochemistry in the environment and its bioconcentration/bioaccumulation through the aquatic food chain. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the bioaccessibility of mercury in human receptors exposed primarily by soil ingestion. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of mercury bioaccessibility and speciation in soils, and the utility of speciation methods to estimate mercury bioaccessibility. We conclude that additional research is necessary to determine: (1) whether analytical measurements can adequately determine the bioaccessibility of mercury in sediments and soils; (2) the accuracy of in vitro analyses in assessing mercury bioaccessibility; (3) the ability of mercury to cross tissue membranes of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and the small and large intestines; (4) the speciation and distribution of mercury in biological fluids; and (5) mercury bioavailability using an in vivo animal model relevant to human gastrointestinal tract conditions.
关于环境中的汞地球化学及其通过水生食物链的生物浓缩/生物累积，已经有很多研究。然而，对于主要通过摄入土壤而暴露的人类受体中汞的生物可及性，相关信息却十分匮乏。本文综述了土壤中汞生物可及性和形态的现有知识状况，以及形态分析方法在估算汞生物可及性方面的实用性。我们得出结论，有必要开展更多研究以确定：（1）分析测量能否充分确定沉积物和土壤中汞的生物可及性；（2）体外分析评估汞生物可及性的准确性；（3）汞穿过口腔、食道、胃以及小肠和大肠组织膜的能力；（4）生物流体中汞的形态和分布；以及（5）使用与人类胃肠道状况相关的体内动物模型来研究汞的生物有效性。
