Lowrie D B, Silva C L, Tascon R E
National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK.
Springer Semin Immunopathol. 1997;19(2):161-73. doi: 10.1007/BF00870266.
New weapons are needed in the fight against tuberculosis. Recent research indicates that a vaccine better than BCG may be within reach. A diverse range of protein antigens can give encouragingly high levels of protective immunity in animal models when administered with adjuvants or as DNA vaccines. Accelerated arrest of bacterial multiplication followed by sustained decline in bacterial numbers are key parameters of protection and so the vaccine must target antigens produced by both actively multiplying and growth-inhibited bacteria. Consistent with this, the protective antigens have been found among secreted and stress proteins (e.g. Ag85, ESAT-6, hsp65, hsp70). Species-specific antigens are not needed, hence these remain available for diagnostic tests. Adoptive transfer of protection from vaccinated or infected mice into naive mice by transfer of purified T cells and clones shows that protection is expressed by antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells that produce interferon-gamma and lyse infected macrophages. These cells are produced in response to endogenous antigen. DNA vaccination appears to be an excellent way of generating these cells and may be able to give long-lasting protection.
对抗结核病需要新的武器。最近的研究表明，一种比卡介苗更好的疫苗可能即将问世。当与佐剂一起使用或作为DNA疫苗给药时，多种蛋白质抗原在动物模型中可产生令人鼓舞的高水平保护性免疫。细菌繁殖的加速停滞随后细菌数量的持续下降是保护的关键参数，因此疫苗必须针对活跃繁殖和生长受抑制的细菌产生的抗原。与此一致的是，在分泌蛋白和应激蛋白（如Ag85、ESAT-6、hsp65、hsp70）中发现了保护性抗原。不需要种属特异性抗原，因此这些抗原仍可用于诊断测试。通过纯化的T细胞和克隆的转移将接种疫苗或感染小鼠的保护性转移到未感染小鼠中，结果表明，保护性由产生干扰素-γ并裂解感染巨噬细胞的抗原特异性细胞毒性T细胞表达。这些细胞是对内源性抗原作出反应而产生的。DNA疫苗接种似乎是产生这些细胞的一种极好方法，并且可能能够提供持久的保护。
