Cloning and characterization of a novel neuropeptide Y receptor subtype in the zebrafish.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) form a family of structurally related peptides. As we have previously isolated clones for NPY and PYY from the zebrafish (Danio rerio), we wished to clone the receptors for these peptides to allow correlation of ligand and receptor distribution. We describe here the cloning and functional expression of a receptor with equally high identity to the NPY-Y1 receptor as to the recently cloned Y4/PP1 and Y6 receptors with an overall amino acid sequence identity of approximately 50%. Furthermore, the zebrafish receptor gene lacks the intron present in the coding region in vertebrate Y1 genes. These features strongly suggest that the zebrafish receptor represents a separate subtype. Hence, we have named it zYb for zebrafish Y-receptor b. (We have also discovered a unique receptor called zYa.) The zYb receptor has a binding profile that is reminiscent of Y1 with affinities for NPY and PYY in the low picomolar range, whereas affinities for Y2-selective ligands are considerably lower. It couples to adenylyl cyclase by inhibiting cAMP synthesis. Receptor mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in brain, eye, and intestine. The binding profile and amino acid identity show that the zebrafish zYb receptor is related to Y1 but represents a distinct subtype that is likely to be present also in mammals.