Fregosi R F, Fuller D D
Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721-0093, USA.
Respir Physiol. 1997 Nov;110(2-3):295-306. doi: 10.1016/s0034-5687(97)00095-9.
The purpose of this brief report is to introduce new evidence showing that the protrudor and retractor muscles of the tongue are co-activated during inspiration in eupnea and hyperpnea in an anesthetized, tracheotomized rat model. We also review previous work on the respiratory related control of the tongue musculature, and briefly consider the clinical significance of this work. The important new findings are that: (1) Both hypoxia and hypercapnia cause parallel increases in drive to the tongue protrudor and retractor muscles (the genioglossus and hyoglossus muscles, respectively); (2) phasic volume feedback inhibits the peak inspiratory activity of both muscles; and (3) the tongue muscles consistently produce a retraction force when the genioglossus and hyoglossus are co-activated, in both animal and human subjects. This latter observation is consistent with previous work showing that the retractor muscles (hyoglossus and styloglossus) develop up to ten times more force than the genioglossus muscle. The possible mechanical consequences of tongue muscle co-activation are briefly considered.
本简要报告的目的是介绍新的证据，该证据表明在麻醉、气管切开的大鼠模型中，在平静呼吸和深呼吸时吸气过程中舌的前突肌和回缩肌会共同激活。我们还回顾了先前关于舌肌呼吸相关控制的研究工作，并简要考虑了这项工作的临床意义。重要的新发现如下：（1）低氧和高碳酸血症都会导致舌前突肌和回缩肌（分别为颏舌肌和舌骨舌肌）的驱动平行增加；（2）相位性容积反馈会抑制这两块肌肉的吸气峰值活动；（3）在动物和人类受试者中，当颏舌肌和舌骨舌肌共同激活时，舌肌始终会产生回缩力。后一项观察结果与先前的研究工作一致，该研究表明回缩肌（舌骨舌肌和茎突舌肌）产生的力量比颏舌肌大十倍之多。我们简要考虑了舌肌共同激活可能产生的机械后果。
