Gruenberg Eli, Cooper Jessica, Zamora Tania, Stepnowsky Carl, Vahabzadeh-Hagh Andrew M, Malhotra Atul, Nokes Brandon
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Health Services Research and Development, Veteran's Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
Front Neurol. 2023 Jul 21;14:1202271. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1202271. eCollection 2023.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is exceedingly common but often under-treated. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has long been considered the gold standard of OSA therapy. Limitations to CPAP therapy include adherence and availability. The 2021 global CPAP shortage highlighted the need to tailor patient treatments beyond CPAP alone. Common CPAP alternative approaches include positional therapy, mandibular advancement devices, and upper airway surgery. Upper airway training consists of a variety of therapies, including exercise regimens, external neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and woodwind instruments. More invasive approaches include hypoglossal nerve stimulation devices. This review will focus on the approaches for modifying upper airway muscle behavior as a therapeutic modality in OSA.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）极为常见，但往往治疗不足。持续气道正压通气（CPAP）长期以来一直被视为OSA治疗的金标准。CPAP治疗的局限性包括依从性和可及性。2021年全球CPAP短缺凸显了仅靠CPAP之外还需为患者量身定制治疗方案的必要性。常见的CPAP替代方法包括体位治疗、下颌前移装置和上气道手术。上气道训练包括多种疗法，如运动方案、外部神经肌肉电刺激和吹奏乐器。更具侵入性的方法包括舌下神经刺激装置。本综述将聚焦于改变上气道肌肉行为作为OSA治疗方式的方法。
