Laure P
Centre de Sociopharmacologie, Saint Max, France.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1997 Sep;37(3):218-24.
To determine, the prevalence of doping in sport as it was reported by the athletes during surveys, and to try to isolate risk factors to resort to doping.
Medline, Pascal and Embase search for the period from 1980 to 1996.
Of the 44 studies produced, 15 were not included in the detailed data summary because they reported statistical data from antidoping controls, they were not enough specific, or they concerned horse races.
Details of study design, drugs studied, prevalence. When available, were also noted: the sport practiced and the motives for doping.
Among children, doping prevalence in around 3-5%. Among adults, in self-reported use studies, doping prevalence may be estimated at 5-15%, where projected use studies report a mean prevalence near 15-25%. Studies provide few data about the sports that produce drug users.
The extent of sport doping and its potential risks for health must make it to be considered as a problem of public health. This means that physicians must, at last, consider it as any other problem and change their behaviour against doping, in order not to reduce the subject to the sole list of prohibited substances. As for sports federations, they must, as last, recognize that prevalence of doping is high. Lastly, new studies are essential to determine motives for doping and to institute the predictable factors for this practice, what will perhaps make efficient the prevention campaigns.
确定运动员在调查中报告的体育界使用兴奋剂的流行情况，并试图找出使用兴奋剂的风险因素。
检索1980年至1996年期间的Medline、Pascal和Embase数据库。
在得出的44项研究中，15项未纳入详细数据总结，因为它们报告的是反兴奋剂控制的统计数据，不够具体，或者涉及赛马。
研究设计、所研究药物、流行情况的详细信息。如有可用信息，还记录了：从事的运动项目和使用兴奋剂的动机。
在儿童中，兴奋剂使用流行率约为3%-5%。在成年人中，在自我报告使用情况的研究中，兴奋剂使用流行率估计为5%-15%，而预测使用情况的研究报告的平均流行率接近15%-25%。研究提供的关于产生药物使用者的运动项目的数据很少。
体育界使用兴奋剂的程度及其对健康的潜在风险必须使其被视为一个公共卫生问题。这意味着医生最终必须像对待其他任何问题一样看待它，并改变他们对使用兴奋剂的态度，以免将这个问题仅仅局限于违禁物质清单。至于体育联合会，它们最终必须认识到使用兴奋剂的流行率很高。最后，新的研究对于确定使用兴奋剂的动机和找出这种行为的可预测因素至关重要，这可能会使预防运动更加有效。
