Lenzinger E, Diamant K, Vytiska-Binstorfer E, Kasper S
Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Psychiatrie, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Wien.
Nervenarzt. 1997 Sep;68(9):708-18. doi: 10.1007/s001150050185.
Even though premenstrual symptoms had been already described by Hippocrates, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) was first mentioned as a special psychiatric diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) in 1994. In DSM-III-R-Appendix A is was called late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD), Appendix A. Before this diagnosis was established based on operationalized criteria, the term premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was used for patients with severe premenstrual mood disturbances and physical symptoms. Many hypotheses about the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PMS and PMDS led to different therapeutic strategies. While PMS was mainly treated by gynecologists, PMDD became of interest in psychiatric research. Several antidepressants, psychotherapy, sleep deprivation and light therapy have been investigated regarding their effectiveness in combatting premenstrual symptoms such as depression, tension, dysphoria and anxiety. Within the anti-depressants the best findings were for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
尽管经前症状早在希波克拉底时代就已被描述，但经前烦躁障碍（PMDD）直到1994年才在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM-IV）中首次作为一种特殊的精神科诊断被提及。在DSM-III-R的附录A中，它被称为黄体后期烦躁障碍（LLPDD）。在基于操作性标准确立这一诊断之前，经前综合征（PMS）这一术语被用于患有严重经前情绪障碍和身体症状的患者。关于PMS和PMDD潜在病理生理机制的许多假说导致了不同的治疗策略。虽然PMS主要由妇科医生治疗，但PMDD成为了精神科研究的关注点。已经对几种抗抑郁药、心理治疗、睡眠剥夺和光疗法在对抗经前症状如抑郁、紧张、烦躁和焦虑方面的有效性进行了研究。在抗抑郁药中，选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRI）的效果最佳。
