Cantor P
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1976 Summer;6(2):92-100.
The focus of the present investigation was to examine the importance of a control group in suicide research and to develop an instrument to distinguish between levels of suicidal thought among subjects who had a history of attempted suicide and among a comparison group of nonsuicidal individuals. The sample was comprised of female university students ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. A 31-item questionnaire designed by the investigator was given to 199 students, 20 of whom were found to have histories of one or more previous suicide attempts. The remaining 179 nonsuicidal subjects were divided into two categories based on the frequency of expressed suicidal thought. Fifty individuals were randomly selected from each of these two groups. The three groups (individuals who had attempted suicide, individuals who had not attempted suicide but who thought about suicide on a frequent basis, and individuals who had not attempted suicide and who thought about suicide on an infrequent basis) were compared on the variables of motivation for suicidal thoughts, history of self-destructive behaviors, probability of a future suicide attempt, and age of first suicidal considerations. A chi-square analysis was performed on each of these items in order to assess the extent to which the items discriminated among the three comparison groups. The differences among the three groups on each of the items were found to be statistically significant at less than the .01 level. The results of the study have provided support for the necessity of a distinction between groups within a nonsuicidal comparison population and for the suggestion that there may be a quantitative relationship between the frequency of suicidal thought and the likelihood of attempted suicide.
本研究的重点是考察对照组在自杀研究中的重要性，并开发一种工具，以区分有自杀未遂史的受试者和非自杀个体的对照组之间自杀念头的程度。样本由年龄在18至25岁之间的女大学生组成。研究者设计了一份包含31个条目的问卷，发给199名学生，其中20人被发现有过一次或多次自杀未遂史。其余179名非自杀受试者根据表达自杀念头的频率分为两类。从这两组中每组随机选取50人。对三组（有自杀未遂史的个体、没有自杀未遂但经常有自杀念头的个体、没有自杀未遂且很少有自杀念头的个体）在自杀念头的动机、自我毁灭行为史、未来自杀未遂的可能性以及首次产生自杀念头的年龄等变量上进行比较。对这些项目中的每一项进行卡方分析，以评估这些项目在三个比较组之间的区分程度。发现三组在每个项目上的差异在小于0.01的水平上具有统计学意义。研究结果支持了在非自杀比较人群中区分不同组别的必要性，以及自杀念头的频率与自杀未遂可能性之间可能存在定量关系的观点。
