Davis M, Walker D L, Lee Y
Ribicoff Research Facilities of the Connecticut Mental Health Center Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine 06508, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1997 Nov 29;352(1362):1675-87. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1997.0149.
Neural stimuli associated with traumatic events can readily become conditioned so as to reinstate the memory of the original trauma. These conditioned fear responses can last a lifetime and may be especially resistant to extinction. A large amount of data from many different laboratories indicate that the amygdala plays a crucial role in conditioned fear. The amygdala receives information from all sensory modalities and projects to a variety of hypothalamic and brainstem target areas known to be critically involved in specific signs that are used to define fear and anxiety. Electrical stimulation of the amygdala elicits a pattern of behaviours that mimic natural or conditioned states of fear. Lesions of the amygdala block innate or conditioned fear and local infusion of drugs into the amygdala have anxiolytic effects in several behavioural tests. Excitatory amino acid receptors in the amygdala are critical for the acquisition, expression and extinction of conditioned fear.
与创伤性事件相关的神经刺激很容易形成条件反射，从而恢复对原始创伤的记忆。这些条件性恐惧反应可能会持续一生，并且可能特别难以消退。来自许多不同实验室的大量数据表明，杏仁核在条件性恐惧中起着至关重要的作用。杏仁核接收来自所有感觉模态的信息，并投射到各种下丘脑和脑干靶区，这些靶区已知在用于定义恐惧和焦虑的特定体征中起着关键作用。电刺激杏仁核会引发一系列模仿自然或条件性恐惧状态的行为。杏仁核损伤会阻断先天或条件性恐惧，并且在几种行为测试中，向杏仁核局部注入药物具有抗焦虑作用。杏仁核中的兴奋性氨基酸受体对于条件性恐惧的习得、表达和消退至关重要。
